[Pulmonary emergencies in connective tissues disorders and vasculitides].

Pulmonary emergencies in rheumatic diseases are rare, potentially life-threatening conditions that occur either as a manifestation of the disease itself or as an adverse event of immunosuppressive treatment. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, tracheal stenosis, acute pneumonitis and drug-induced lung injury belong to this category. The management of these emergencies requires intensive cooperation between rheumatology and pulmonology. The latter contributes its experience in the care of related conditions, specific endoscopic techniques and local interventions as well as the indispensable and life-supporting forms of assisted ventilation. The present article summarizes the current knowledge on diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including the newly available B-cell directed treatments.