Initial description of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome involving the thyroid gland in an immunocompromised patient.

Abscess formation in the thyroid gland is particularly a rare phenomenon and presents a medical and surgical dilemma especially in HIV seropositive patients. The authors report a case of a paradoxical tuberculous abscess immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome involving the thyroid gland in a 37-year-old woman who presented 12 weeks after initiation of antiretroviral therapy at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. The patient is still undergoing treatment.