BACKGROUND: Weather conditions influence symptoms in chronic stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Whether the ongoing climate change, with continuous and rapid temperature increases, also has an impact on the incidence and outcome of non-ST elevation (NSTEMI) and ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarctions referred for acute coronary angiography (CA) is less clear. METHODS: According to weather data from the Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics, Innsbruck University, the 2005/2006 winter was very cold (CW) and the 2006/2007 winter extraordinarily warm (WW). As the overall invasive management of patients with acute coronary syndromes did not change substantially within these winters, we compared patients referred for acute CA suffering an acute STEMI or NSTEMI, their risk factors and in-hospital mortality rates between these two consecutive winters. RESULTS: As expected, the average temperature was lower (- 1.6 vs. + 5.9°C; p < 0.001) and humidity was higher (82 vs. 79%; p < 0.012) in CW compared to WW, with no significant differences in other weather conditions (rainfall: 59 vs. 39 days; sunshine: 3.9 vs. 4.3 h/day; air pressure: 713.04 vs. 713.76 hPa). There were no differences in the number of overall CA (987 vs. 983) between these two winters, whereas the number of acute CA (12.9 vs. 10.4% of overall CA; p = 0.046) and the diagnosis of STEMI as an indication of acute CA (74.0% vs. 62.7%; p = 0.046) were higher in CW. Furthermore, patients in CW were younger (58.2 ± 12.4 vs. 61.7 ± 11.7 years; p < 0.03), had higher LDL cholesterol (134.8 ± 44.6 vs. 116.7 ± 36.0 mg/dl; p < 0.003) and were less frequently hypertensives (52.8 vs. 70.6%; p < 0.01). Other traditional risk factors were not different between WW and CW. In addition, there were no differences in in-hospital mortality rates in invasively diagnosed CAD, patients' nationalities (Austrians: 78.0 vs. 77.5%) and time from pain to arrival in the cath lab in STEMI patients (3.9 ± 3.5 vs. 3.8 ± 3.1 h). CONCLUSION: The average temperature increase of 7.5°C from the cold to the warm winter was associated with a decrease in acute coronary angiographies, in particular due to a lower incidence of STEMI referred for primary percutaneous intervention.
BACKGROUND: Weather conditions influence symptoms in chronic stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Whether the ongoing climate change, with continuous and rapid temperature increases, also has an impact on the incidence and outcome of non-ST elevation (NSTEMI) and ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarctions referred for acute coronary angiography (CA) is less clear. METHODS: According to weather data from the Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics, Innsbruck University, the 2005/2006 winter was very cold (CW) and the 2006/2007 winter extraordinarily warm (WW). As the overall invasive management of patients with acute coronary syndromes did not change substantially within these winters, we compared patients referred for acute CA suffering an acute STEMI or NSTEMI, their risk factors and in-hospital mortality rates between these two consecutive winters. RESULTS: As expected, the average temperature was lower (- 1.6 vs. + 5.9°C; p < 0.001) and humidity was higher (82 vs. 79%; p < 0.012) in CW compared to WW, with no significant differences in other weather conditions (rainfall: 59 vs. 39 days; sunshine: 3.9 vs. 4.3 h/day; air pressure: 713.04 vs. 713.76 hPa). There were no differences in the number of overall CA (987 vs. 983) between these two winters, whereas the number of acute CA (12.9 vs. 10.4% of overall CA; p = 0.046) and the diagnosis of STEMI as an indication of acute CA (74.0% vs. 62.7%; p = 0.046) were higher in CW. Furthermore, patients in CW were younger (58.2 ± 12.4 vs. 61.7 ± 11.7 years; p < 0.03), had higher LDL cholesterol (134.8 ± 44.6 vs. 116.7 ± 36.0 mg/dl; p < 0.003) and were less frequently hypertensives (52.8 vs. 70.6%; p < 0.01). Other traditional risk factors were not different between WW and CW. In addition, there were no differences in in-hospital mortality rates in invasively diagnosed CAD, patients' nationalities (Austrians: 78.0 vs. 77.5%) and time from pain to arrival in the cath lab in STEMI patients (3.9 ± 3.5 vs. 3.8 ± 3.1 h). CONCLUSION: The average temperature increase of 7.5°C from the cold to the warm winter was associated with a decrease in acute coronary angiographies, in particular due to a lower incidence of STEMI referred for primary percutaneous intervention.
Authors: Giuseppe De Luca; Harry Suryapranata; Jan Paul Ottervanger; Arnoud W J van 't Hof; Jan C A Hoorntje; A T Marcel Gosselink; Jan-Henk E Dambrink; Menko-Jan de Boer Journal: Am J Cardiol Date: 2005-06-15 Impact factor: 2.778
Authors: Jean-Pierre Bassand; Christian W Hamm; Diego Ardissino; Eric Boersma; Andrzej Budaj; Francisco Fernández-Avilés; Keith A A Fox; David Hasdai; E Magnus Ohman; Lars Wallentin; William Wijns Journal: Eur Heart J Date: 2007-06-14 Impact factor: 29.983
Authors: Robert W Yeh; Stephen Sidney; Malini Chandra; Michael Sorel; Joseph V Selby; Alan S Go Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2010-06-10 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Aram V Chobanian; George L Bakris; Henry R Black; William C Cushman; Lee A Green; Joseph L Izzo; Daniel W Jones; Barry J Materson; Suzanne Oparil; Jackson T Wright; Edward J Roccella Journal: Hypertension Date: 2003-12-01 Impact factor: 10.190
Authors: Sigmund Silber; Per Albertsson; Francisco F Avilés; Paolo G Camici; Antonio Colombo; Christian Hamm; Erik Jørgensen; Jean Marco; Jan-Erik Nordrehaug; Witold Ruzyllo; Philip Urban; Gregg W Stone; William Wijns Journal: Eur Heart J Date: 2005-03-15 Impact factor: 29.983
Authors: Mirjam Ravljen; Marjan Bilban; Lučka Kajfež-Bogataj; Tomaž Hovelja; Damjan Vavpotič Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2014-11-12 Impact factor: 3.390