BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Primary lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. The aim of the current study is to retrospectively analyze the clinical features variation of patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma in West China Hospital Sichuan University to provide information for early detection and treatment of lung cancer. METHODS: We collected data of patients of permanent population in Sichuan province who diagnosed primary bronchogenic carcinoma in 2000 and 2010 in West China Hospital Sichuan University respectively for comparative analysis of reasons to visit the doctor, duration from symptom onset to visit the doctor, combined diseases, incidences of bi-primary carcinoma, family history of malignant tumor, sites of tumors, grade of differentiation, tumor staging and initial treatment modalities. RESULTS: A total of 2,167 cases (616 cases in 2000 and 1,551 cases in 2010) met inclusion criteria were retrieved for analysis. In 2010, compared with data of 2000, the rate of patients who visit the doctors because abnormalities were detected by health examination elevated remarkably (5.2% vs 16.7%, P<0.001), the duration from symptom onset to visit the doctor abridged significantly (P<0.001), patients with family history of malignant tumor increased significantly (3.9% vs 13.7%, P<0.001), the constituent ratio of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma decreased (72.3% vs 51.8%, P=0.002) accompanied with low differentiated squamous cell carcinoma increased (59.4% vs 76.7%, P=0.002). For NSCLC staging, there is a notably increase of rate of stage Ia (1.0% vs 4.5%, P< 0.001) and stage IV (30.4% vs 37.8%, P<0.001) while decrease of stage IIIa (26.6% vs 14.8%, P=0.002). For initial treatment modalities, there is markedly increased chemotherapy rate of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (41.8% vs 63.4%, P=0.002) while remarkably increased surgery rate of stage IIIa patients (41.8% vs 63.4%, P=0.002) and decreased surgery rate of stage IV patients (9.4% vs 3.1%, P=0.001). The surgery rate of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients decrease sharply (30.4% vs 4.3%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There clinical features of lung cancer patients were significantly changed in the past ten years, new prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies are needed to accommodate the variation.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Primary lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. The aim of the current study is to retrospectively analyze the clinical features variation of patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma in West China Hospital Sichuan University to provide information for early detection and treatment of lung cancer. METHODS: We collected data of patients of permanent population in Sichuan province who diagnosed primary bronchogenic carcinoma in 2000 and 2010 in West China Hospital Sichuan University respectively for comparative analysis of reasons to visit the doctor, duration from symptom onset to visit the doctor, combined diseases, incidences of bi-primary carcinoma, family history of malignant tumor, sites of tumors, grade of differentiation, tumor staging and initial treatment modalities. RESULTS: A total of 2,167 cases (616 cases in 2000 and 1,551 cases in 2010) met inclusion criteria were retrieved for analysis. In 2010, compared with data of 2000, the rate of patients who visit the doctors because abnormalities were detected by health examination elevated remarkably (5.2% vs 16.7%, P<0.001), the duration from symptom onset to visit the doctor abridged significantly (P<0.001), patients with family history of malignant tumor increased significantly (3.9% vs 13.7%, P<0.001), the constituent ratio of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma decreased (72.3% vs 51.8%, P=0.002) accompanied with low differentiated squamous cell carcinoma increased (59.4% vs 76.7%, P=0.002). For NSCLC staging, there is a notably increase of rate of stage Ia (1.0% vs 4.5%, P< 0.001) and stage IV (30.4% vs 37.8%, P<0.001) while decrease of stage IIIa (26.6% vs 14.8%, P=0.002). For initial treatment modalities, there is markedly increased chemotherapy rate of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (41.8% vs 63.4%, P=0.002) while remarkably increased surgery rate of stage IIIa patients (41.8% vs 63.4%, P=0.002) and decreased surgery rate of stage IV patients (9.4% vs 3.1%, P=0.001). The surgery rate of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients decrease sharply (30.4% vs 4.3%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There clinical features of lung cancerpatients were significantly changed in the past ten years, new prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies are needed to accommodate the variation.
2000年与2010年肺癌患者就诊时主要首发症状所占比重分别为:咳嗽(72.6% vs 59.3%)、咯血(35.2% vs 21.5%)、胸背痛(24.8% vs 19.0%)、胸闷气紧(18.0% vs 14.8%)、声嘶(3.4% vs 2.5%)、发热(2.9% vs 1.8%)、四肢关节痛(2.8% vs 2.7%)、呼吸困难(1.1% vs 0.3 %)、其它(2.9% vs 4.5%)。10年间因体检而就诊的肺癌患者构成比明显提高(5.2% vs 16.7%, χ2=50.192, P < 0.001)。
发病到就诊时间
2000年肺癌患者发病到就诊中位时间为3个月(3天-60个月),2010年肺癌患者发病到就诊中位时间为2个月(1天-60个月),较2000年明显缩短(P < 0.001)。10年间发病到就诊的时间在1月内的肺癌患者构成比明显升高(11.7% vs 19.4%, χ2=18.433, P < 0.001)。
伴随基础疾病
2000年与2010年肺癌患者伴随的相关基础疾病所占比重分别为慢性阻塞性肺疾病(12.6% vs 16.6%, χ2=5.213, P=0.022)、肺部感染(7.5% vs 14.1%, χ2=17.866, P < 0.001)、肺结核(2.9% vs 0.7%, χ2=16.351, P < 0.001)、高血压(7.5% vs 11.7%, χ2=8.526, P=0.004)、糖尿病(4.9% vs 8.2%, χ2=7.223, P=0.007)、冠心病(1.5% vs 2.1%, χ2=1.031, P=0.310)、心律失常(0.3% vs 1.5%, χ2=5.187, P=0.023)。其中,冠心病所占比重的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),2010年慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肺部感染、高血压、糖尿病、心律失常所占比重上升,肺结核所占比重下降。
Frequencies of lobe distribution of lung cancer in different times
Lobe distribution
2000 (n=616)
2010 (n=1, 551)
χ2
P
LUL: left upper lobe; LLL: left lower lobe; RUL: right upper lobe; RLL: right lower lobe; RML: right middle lobe; LMB: left main bronchus; RMB: right main bronchus.
LUL
161
416
0.106
0.745
LLL
118
269
0.987
0.320
RUL
158
399
0.001
0.971
RLL
118
315
0.367
0.545
RML
48
117
0.039
0.844
LMB
4
13
0.032
0.858
RMB
6
8
1.442
0.230
Both
3
14
0.517
0.472
肺癌在不同肺叶的频数分布Frequencies of lobe distribution of lung cancer in different times
肿瘤分化程度
2000年与2010年在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)中分别有186例(29.4%)及464例(29.9%)病理诊断标明分化程度。如表 2所示,2000年与2010年不同病理分化程度所占比重由高到低依次均为:高分化(2.2% vs 0.6%)、中分化(32.3% vs 36.4%)、低分化(65.6% vs 62.9%),各分化程度构成比无统计学差异(χ2=1.56, P=0.212; χ2=0.820, P=0.365; χ2=0.291, P=0.590)。腺癌中分化癌构成比由27.7%升至47.5%(χ2=8.724, P=0.003),低分化癌构成比由72.3%下降至51.8%(χ2=9.379, P=0.002)。鳞癌中分化癌构成比由35.8%降至23.3%(χ2=6.412, P=0.011),低分化癌构成比由59.4%升至76.7%(χ2=10.049, P=0.002)。各病理类型中高分化癌数量极少,不做对比。
2
肺癌病理类型分化程度的频数分布
Frequencies of tumor differentiation in different histological types of lung cancer
Differentiation
2000
2010
AD
SCC
Else
Total
AD
SCC
Else
Total
AD : adenocarcinoma; SCC : squamous cell carcinoma.
High
0
4
0
4
2
0
1
3
Medium
18
39
3
60
122
44
3
169
Low
47
63
12
122
133
145
14
292
肺癌病理类型分化程度的频数分布Frequencies of tumor differentiation in different histological types of lung cancer
肿瘤分期
如表 3所示,在NSCLC中2000年Ⅰa期占1.0%,Ⅰb期占14.7%,Ⅱa期占1.0%,Ⅱb期占5.6%,Ⅲa期占26.6%,Ⅲb期占20.7%,Ⅳ期占30.4%;2010年Ⅰa期占4.5%,Ⅰb期占15.5%,Ⅱa期占1.3%,Ⅱb期占7.0%,Ⅲa期占14.8%,Ⅲb期占19.1%,Ⅳ期占37.8%。2010年与2000年相比,Ⅰa期及Ⅳ期患者构成比明显上升(χ2=15.351, P < 0.001; χ2=38.753, P < 0.001),Ⅲa期患者构成比明显下降(χ2=9.940, P=0.002),其余分期患者构成比差异无统计学意义(Ⅰb期:χ2=0.230, P=0.631;Ⅱa期:χ2=0.320, P=0.572;Ⅱb期:χ2=1.308, P=0.253;Ⅲb期:χ2=0.701, P=0.402);Ⅲ期-Ⅳ期患者构成比在两个时间段分别为77.7%及71.7%,下降明显(χ2=7.826, P=0.005)。在小细胞肺癌中广泛期患者构成比在两个时间段分别为43.5%及57.3%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.584, P=0.208)。
3
肺癌分期与首诊治疗方式的频数分布关系
Relationship between the staging of lung cancer and the treatment modality
Stage
2000
2010
Surgery
Inter-therapy
Radio- therapy
Chemo-therapy
Else
Total
Surgery
Inter- therapy
Radio- therapy
Chemo- therapy
Else
Total
NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; SCLC: small cell lung cancer.
NSCLC
Ⅰa
6
0
0
0
0
6
55
0
0
4
3
62
Ⅰb
75
1
1
6
4
87
176
0
2
18
16
212
Ⅱa
5
1
0
0
0
6
16
0
0
1
1
18
Ⅱb
30
0
0
2
1
33
84
0
1
7
3
95
Ⅲa
66
21
4
53
14
158
128
3
6
74
7
202
Ⅲb
18
13
7
60
25
123
53
2
24
140
42
261
Ⅳ
17
18
15
92
38
180
16
5
29
340
126
516
Total
217
54
27
213
82
593
528
10
62
564
198
1, 366
SCLC
Limited
6
2
1
3
1
13
7
0
8
51
13
79
Extensive
1
0
1
4
4
10
1
1
10
75
19
106
Total
7
2
2
7
5
23
8
1
18
126
32
185
肺癌分期与首诊治疗方式的频数分布关系Relationship between the staging of lung cancer and the treatment modality
首诊主要治疗方式
如表 3所示,在NSCLC患者中2000年与2010年首诊采取手术的患者构成比分别为36.6%及38.7%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.744, P=0.388),而化疗患者构成比由35.9%升至42.4%(χ2=7.181, P=0.007),介入治疗(包括支气管动脉栓塞及支气管动脉造影化疗)患者构成比由9.1%降至0.7%(χ2=91.756, P < 0.001),放疗及其它治疗的患者构成比差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.000, P=0.989; χ2=0.160, P=0.689)。2000年与2010年不同肿瘤分期中首诊采取手术的患者构成比对比如下:Ⅰ期无明显变化(87.1% vs 84.3%, χ2=0.424, P=0.515),Ⅱ期无明显变化(89.7% vs 88.5%, χ2=0.045, P=0.831),Ⅲa期明显上升(41.8% vs 63.4%, χ2=9.808, P=0.002),Ⅲb期无明显变化(14.6% vs 20.3%, χ2=1.785, P=0.182),Ⅳ期明显下降(9.4% vs 3.1%, χ2=11.890, P=0.001)。小细胞肺癌患者中首诊采取手术的患者构成比由30.4%降至4.3%(χ2=20.842, P < 0.001),而化疗患者构成比由30.4%上升至68.1%(χ2=7.181, P=0.007)。
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