OBJECTIVE: To summarize current concepts on neuroendocrine and genetic principles underlying stress-related depression and to discuss the challenges of personalized treatment in depression. METHODS: Review of the literature pertaining to genetic and neuroendocrine basis of stress-related depression including aspects of treatment response with a focus on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. RESULTS: There is increasing evidence that genetic polymorphisms and dysregulation of the HPA axis are associated with the pathophysiology of stress-related depression. Individual stress hormone reactivity seems to be determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, contributing to both, resilience or vulnerability. CONCLUSIONS: Although substantial progress has been made, current knowledge is still limited. Further basic and clinical research is needed to identify specific subgroups and to minimize heterogeneity of the depression phenotype. A better characterization is essential to detect genetic and functional predictors of antidepressant treatment response to follow the vision of personalized therapy in psychiatry.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize current concepts on neuroendocrine and genetic principles underlying stress-related depression and to discuss the challenges of personalized treatment in depression. METHODS: Review of the literature pertaining to genetic and neuroendocrine basis of stress-related depression including aspects of treatment response with a focus on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. RESULTS: There is increasing evidence that genetic polymorphisms and dysregulation of the HPA axis are associated with the pathophysiology of stress-related depression. Individual stress hormone reactivity seems to be determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, contributing to both, resilience or vulnerability. CONCLUSIONS: Although substantial progress has been made, current knowledge is still limited. Further basic and clinical research is needed to identify specific subgroups and to minimize heterogeneity of the depression phenotype. A better characterization is essential to detect genetic and functional predictors of antidepressant treatment response to follow the vision of personalized therapy in psychiatry.
Authors: Cynthia R Davis; Nicole Usher; Eric Dearing; Ayelet R Barkai; Cynthia Crowell-Doom; Shevaun D Neupert; Christos S Mantzoros; Judith A Crowell Journal: Psychosom Med Date: 2014-10 Impact factor: 4.312
Authors: Eric J Paxman; Naveenjyote S Boora; Douglas Kiss; David P Laplante; Suzanne King; Tony Montina; Gerlinde A S Metz Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2018-08-28 Impact factor: 4.379