Endothelial dysfunction as an underlying pathophysiological condition of chronic kidney disease.

Renal dysfunction and cardiovascular disorders affect each other adversely and worsen existing pathophysiological conditions. These disorders are extremely diverse in terms of pathology. Vascular disorders, in particular vascular endothelial dysfunction, are common risk factors for each other. Early endothelial dysfunction reduces vascular relaxation and causes inflammatory cell infiltration and slight inflammation in blood vessels. Endothelial dysfunction in the kidneys manifests as albuminuria. Proactive treatment is required in the early phase of endothelial dysfunction to prevent cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease patients.