OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between responses on a screening questionnaire and objective performance on a computer-administered test of cognitive abilities in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: The Cognitive Symptom Inventory (CSI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS) questionnaires were compared in patients with SLE or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) was used to evaluate cognitive performance in patients with SLE. Efficiency of performance was measured by "throughput" (number of correct responses per minute) and "inverse efficiency" (response speed/proportion of correct responses). Linear regression was applied to log-transformed CSI scores to examine their associations with ANAM scores and other factors. RESULTS: Patients with SLE (n = 68) or RA (n = 33) were similar in age, sex, ethnicity, and education status (p > 0.05). Patients with SLE had higher total CSI scores (33.6 ± 10.5 vs 29.4 ± 6.8, respectively; p = 0.041) and attention/concentration subscale CSI scores (15.7 ± 5.3 vs 13.3 ± 3.4; p = 0.016) compared to patients with RA. In patients with SLE there was a positive association between CSI scores and neuropsychiatric (NP) events at the time of testing (p = 0.0006), HADS anxiety (p < 0.0001), and depression (p < 0.0001) scores. After adjustment for age, education, disease duration, and NP events at the time of testing, there was no significant association (p > 0.05) between ANAM and CSI scores in patients with SLE. The results were similar using either "throughput" or "inverse efficiency" or the number of impaired ANAM subscales after adjustment for simple reaction time. CONCLUSION: The CSI self-report questionnaire of cognitive symptoms does not reliably screen for efficiency of cognitive processing in patients with SLE. Rather, cognitive complaints reported in the CSI are influenced by the presence of anxiety and depression.
OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between responses on a screening questionnaire and objective performance on a computer-administered test of cognitive abilities in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: The Cognitive Symptom Inventory (CSI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS) questionnaires were compared in patients with SLE or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) was used to evaluate cognitive performance in patients with SLE. Efficiency of performance was measured by "throughput" (number of correct responses per minute) and "inverse efficiency" (response speed/proportion of correct responses). Linear regression was applied to log-transformed CSI scores to examine their associations with ANAM scores and other factors. RESULTS: Patients with SLE (n = 68) or RA (n = 33) were similar in age, sex, ethnicity, and education status (p > 0.05). Patients with SLE had higher total CSI scores (33.6 ± 10.5 vs 29.4 ± 6.8, respectively; p = 0.041) and attention/concentration subscale CSI scores (15.7 ± 5.3 vs 13.3 ± 3.4; p = 0.016) compared to patients with RA. In patients with SLE there was a positive association between CSI scores and neuropsychiatric (NP) events at the time of testing (p = 0.0006), HADS anxiety (p < 0.0001), and depression (p < 0.0001) scores. After adjustment for age, education, disease duration, and NP events at the time of testing, there was no significant association (p > 0.05) between ANAM and CSI scores in patients with SLE. The results were similar using either "throughput" or "inverse efficiency" or the number of impaired ANAM subscales after adjustment for simple reaction time. CONCLUSION: The CSI self-report questionnaire of cognitive symptoms does not reliably screen for efficiency of cognitive processing in patients with SLE. Rather, cognitive complaints reported in the CSI are influenced by the presence of anxiety and depression.
Authors: John G Hanly; Li Su; Murray B Urowitz; Juanita Romero-Diaz; Caroline Gordon; Sang-Cheol Bae; Sasha Bernatsky; Ann E Clarke; Daniel J Wallace; Joan T Merrill; David A Isenberg; Anisur Rahman; Ellen M Ginzler; Michelle Petri; Ian N Bruce; M A Dooley; Paul Fortin; Dafna D Gladman; Jorge Sanchez-Guerrero; Kristjan Steinsson; Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman; Munther A Khamashta; Cynthia Aranow; Graciela S Alarcón; Barri J Fessler; Susan Manzi; Ola Nived; Gunnar K Sturfelt; Asad A Zoma; Ronald F van Vollenhoven; Manuel Ramos-Casals; Guillermo Ruiz-Irastorza; S Sam Lim; Kenneth C Kalunian; Murat Inanc; Diane L Kamen; Christine A Peschken; Soren Jacobsen; Anca Askanase; Chris Theriault; Kara Thompson; Vernon Farewell Journal: Arthritis Rheumatol Date: 2015-07 Impact factor: 10.995
Authors: Maria Gerosa; Barbara Poletti; Francesca Pregnolato; Gabriella Castellino; Annalisa Lafronza; Vincenzo Silani; Piersandro Riboldi; Pier Luigi Meroni; Joan T Merrill Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2016-02-01 Impact factor: 7.561
Authors: Moon Young Kim; Deepali Sen; Ronald R Drummond; Matthew C Brandenburg; Kathryn Lp Biesanz; Alfred Hj Kim; Seth A Eisen; Carolyn M Baum; Erin R Foster Journal: Lupus Date: 2021-04-01 Impact factor: 2.911