INTRODUCTION: The Stroop Color-Word Interference Test (Stroop) measures cognitive flexibility, selective attention, cognitive inhibition and information processing speed. The Tower of London-Drexel University version test (TOL) assesses higher-order problem solving and executive planning abilities. OBJECTIVE: In this study, as part of the Spanish normative studies project in young adults (NEURONORMA young adults), we present normative data for the Stroop and young adults TOL tests. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 179 participants who are cognitively normal and range in age from 18 to 49 years. Tables are provided to convert raw scores to scaled scores. Scores adjusted for sociodemographic factors were obtained by applying linear regression techniques. RESULTS: No effects were found for age and sex in either test. Educational level impacted most of the Stroop test variables and some of the TOL scores (Total Moves score and Total Initiation Time score). CONCLUSIONS: The norms obtained will be extremely useful in the clinical evaluation of young Spanish adults.
INTRODUCTION: The Stroop Color-Word Interference Test (Stroop) measures cognitive flexibility, selective attention, cognitive inhibition and information processing speed. The Tower of London-Drexel University version test (TOL) assesses higher-order problem solving and executive planning abilities. OBJECTIVE: In this study, as part of the Spanish normative studies project in young adults (NEURONORMA young adults), we present normative data for the Stroop and young adults TOL tests. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 179 participants who are cognitively normal and range in age from 18 to 49 years. Tables are provided to convert raw scores to scaled scores. Scores adjusted for sociodemographic factors were obtained by applying linear regression techniques. RESULTS: No effects were found for age and sex in either test. Educational level impacted most of the Stroop test variables and some of the TOL scores (Total Moves score and Total Initiation Time score). CONCLUSIONS: The norms obtained will be extremely useful in the clinical evaluation of young Spanish adults.
Authors: Muriel Ramírez-Santana; Liliana Zúñiga; Sebastián Corral; Rodrigo Sandoval; Paul T J Scheepers; Koos Van der Velden; Nel Roeleveld; Floria Pancetti Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2015-02-10 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Josef M Unterrainer; Benjamin Rahm; Christoph P Kaller; Philipp S Wild; Thomas Münzel; Maria Blettner; Karl Lackner; Norbert Pfeiffer; Manfred E Beutel Journal: J Int Neuropsychol Soc Date: 2019-01-30 Impact factor: 2.892
Authors: Ignasi Navarro-Soria; Rocío Juárez-Ruiz de Mier; José Manuel García-Fernández; Carlota González-Gómez; Marta Real-Fernández; Marta Sánchez-Múñoz de León; Rocío Lavigne-Cervan Journal: Front Psychol Date: 2020-12-07