Peptide vaccine.

Current combinations of surgical therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimens do not significantly improve long-term survival of the patients with malignant glioma. Cancer immunotherapy against malignant glioma is a potentially new therapeutic strategy that primes a patient's immune system to attack glioma cells. Peptide-based vaccination appears promising as an approach to successfully induce an antineoplastic immune response, produce clinical response and prolong survival in patients with malignant glioma without major side effects. In this chapter, clinical progress is reviewed in developing peptide-based vaccinations for malignant glioma to date.