Probing the mechanisms of ambient ionization by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy.

The ionization mechanisms of several atmospheric pressure ion sources based on desorption and ionization of samples deposited on a surface were studied. Home-built desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), laserspray ionization (LSI), and atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP-MALDI) sources were characterized using low-molecular-weight compounds, in particular fluorescent dyes. Detection of the desorbed and ionized species was performed by laser-induced fluorescence and ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The dependences of the signal intensities on various experimental parameters were studied. The data obtained reveals common features, such as formation of solvated species and clusters in the ionization processes, in all of the techniques considered.