David P Calfee1. 1. Medicine and Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell, 525E 68th Street, Box 265, New York, NY 10065, USA. dpc9003@med.cornell.edu
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterocci (VRE) are the two most common healthcare-associated multidrug-resistant organisms. The purpose of this article is to review recent data regarding the epidemiology, control and treatment of these organisms as well as to discuss the emergence of additional antimicrobial resistance determinants. RECENT FINDINGS: Although the prevalence of methicillin resistance continues to increase among healthcare-associated S. aureus isolates, the incidence of invasive MRSA infections appears to be decreasing. Reduced susceptibility to vancomycin among MRSA isolates has been associated with glycopeptide treatment failure. Resistance to newer antimicrobial agents, such as daptomycin and linezolid, has been described among isolates of MRSA and VRE, further complicating treatment of infections caused by these organisms. Recent studies that have attempted to assess the efficacy of a variety of strategies for the prevention of MRSA and/or VRE transmission and infection, including active surveillance testing, have been published and additional studies are currently underway. SUMMARY: MRSA and VRE remain important causes of morbidity and mortality among patients receiving healthcare. The emergence of resistance to additional antimicrobial agents highlights the importance of effective prevention programs. Further study to determine the optimal approaches to treatment and prevention is needed.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterocci (VRE) are the two most common healthcare-associated multidrug-resistant organisms. The purpose of this article is to review recent data regarding the epidemiology, control and treatment of these organisms as well as to discuss the emergence of additional antimicrobial resistance determinants. RECENT FINDINGS: Although the prevalence of methicillin resistance continues to increase among healthcare-associated S. aureus isolates, the incidence of invasive MRSA infections appears to be decreasing. Reduced susceptibility to vancomycin among MRSA isolates has been associated with glycopeptide treatment failure. Resistance to newer antimicrobial agents, such as daptomycin and linezolid, has been described among isolates of MRSA and VRE, further complicating treatment of infections caused by these organisms. Recent studies that have attempted to assess the efficacy of a variety of strategies for the prevention of MRSA and/or VRE transmission and infection, including active surveillance testing, have been published and additional studies are currently underway. SUMMARY: MRSA and VRE remain important causes of morbidity and mortality among patients receiving healthcare. The emergence of resistance to additional antimicrobial agents highlights the importance of effective prevention programs. Further study to determine the optimal approaches to treatment and prevention is needed.
Authors: Jasper Swierstra; Stephanie Debets; Corné de Vogel; Nicole Lemmens-den Toom; Nelianne Verkaik; Nadjia Ramdani-Bouguessa; Marcel F Jonkman; Jan Maarten van Dijl; Ahmed Fahal; Alex van Belkum; Willem van Wamel Journal: Infect Immun Date: 2014-11-17 Impact factor: 3.441
Authors: Antonia F Chen; Verena M Schreiber; Wesley Washington; Nalini Rao; Andrew R Evans Journal: Clin Orthop Relat Res Date: 2013-10 Impact factor: 4.176