Combined ultrasound/ozone degradation of carbazole in APG1214 surfactant solution.

We examined the effects of power and treatment time on the ultrasonically enhanced ozonation of carbazole dissolved in APG(1214) surfactant solutions, including an analysis of the mechanism of OH radical formation, the zeta potential of the colloidal suspension, the influence of ultrasound on micellar morphology, and the degradation kinetics for carbazole and APG(1214). A 30min ultrasound treatment at 28kHz and 20W improved the degradation of carbazole by 5-10%, while power levels of 40W and 80W provided improvements only during the first 5min and resulted in reduced degradation after 15min. The OH concentration was inversely proportional to ultrasound power, and directly proportional to the irradiation time. The absolute value of the APG(1214) micelle zeta potential was inversely proportional to power and decreased with increasing irradiation time. The relationships of OH radical concentration in APG(1214) micelles, the zeta potential, and the micellar dynamic radius (R(h)) to ultrasonic power and time are the key factors affecting carbazole degradation in this system.