BACKGROUND: Many studies have postulated that atherosclerosis should be considered as an inflammatory disease. In addition, some studies have focused on the relationship between inflammation and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). OBJECTIVE: Define the plasma levels of soluble markers, including the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), the endothelial-specific adhesion factor (E-selectin) and two proteinases involved in extracellular matrix degradation (matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9, MMP-2, and MMP-9) in previously unrecognized patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and non-PAD controls. RESULTS: Significantly higher levels of IL-6, E-selectin and MMP-2/MMP-9 and significantly reduced levels of TGF-β1 were found in PAD patients (ankle-brachial index, ABI⩽0.9) compared to non-PAD control subjects (1.4>ABI>0.9). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated the subjects with unrecognized PAD (ABI⩽0.9) show a characteristic phlogistic pattern differently from healthy subjects and it strongly supports the pivotal role played by inflammatory and immunological mechanisms in the initiation and progression of the atherosclerotic process in peripheral arteries. These biomarkers could be helpful to screen the susceptibility for the diseases in peripheral arteries.
BACKGROUND: Many studies have postulated that atherosclerosis should be considered as an inflammatory disease. In addition, some studies have focused on the relationship between inflammation and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). OBJECTIVE: Define the plasma levels of soluble markers, including the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), the endothelial-specific adhesion factor (E-selectin) and two proteinases involved in extracellular matrix degradation (matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9, MMP-2, and MMP-9) in previously unrecognized patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and non-PAD controls. RESULTS: Significantly higher levels of IL-6, E-selectin and MMP-2/MMP-9 and significantly reduced levels of TGF-β1 were found in PAD patients (ankle-brachial index, ABI⩽0.9) compared to non-PAD control subjects (1.4>ABI>0.9). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated the subjects with unrecognized PAD (ABI⩽0.9) show a characteristic phlogistic pattern differently from healthy subjects and it strongly supports the pivotal role played by inflammatory and immunological mechanisms in the initiation and progression of the atherosclerotic process in peripheral arteries. These biomarkers could be helpful to screen the susceptibility for the diseases in peripheral arteries.
Authors: Pierleone Lucatelli; Corrado Fagnani; Adam Domonkos Tarnoki; David Laszlo Tarnoki; Beatrice Sacconi; Bence Fejer; Maria Antonietta Stazi; Miriam Salemi; Carlo Cirelli; Alessandro d'Adamo; Fabrizio Fanelli; Carlo Catalano; Pal Maurovich-Horvat; Adam L Jermendy; Gyorgy Jermendy; Bela Merkely; Andrea A Molnar; Giacomo Pucci; Giuseppe Schillaci; Filippo Farina; Giorgio Meneghetti; Claudio Baracchini; Emanuela Medda Journal: Int J Cardiovasc Imaging Date: 2017-10-11 Impact factor: 2.357
Authors: Giovanni De Caridi; Mafalda Massara; Francesco Spinelli; Antonio David; Sebastiano Gangemi; Francesco Fugetto; Raffaele Grande; Lucia Butrico; Roberta Stefanelli; Manuela Colosimo; Stefano de Franciscis; Raffaele Serra Journal: Int Wound J Date: 2015-05-27 Impact factor: 3.315
Authors: Deepti Gurdasani; Barbara Sjouke; Sotirios Tsimikas; G Kees Hovingh; Robert N Luben; Nicholas W J Wainwright; Cristina Pomilla; Nicholas J Wareham; Kay-Tee Khaw; S Matthijs Boekholdt; Manjinder S Sandhu Journal: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Date: 2012-10-11 Impact factor: 8.311