Fruit and vegetable consumption among migrants in Switzerland.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relative risk of low daily fruit and vegetable consumption for six large migrant groups in Switzerland.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional health survey carried out 2007 (Swiss Health Survey) and 2010 (Swiss Migrant Health Survey) in Switzerland. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate relative risk rates (RRR) of migrants relative to Swiss nationals.
SETTING: Data obtained from representative samples of Swiss and foreign nationals living in Switzerland.
SUBJECTS: A random sample (n =14637) of the Portuguese, German, Italian, Turkish, Serbian, Kosovan and Swiss permanent resident adult population (17-64 years old) was interviewed.
RESULTS: The proportion of participants who adhered to the recommended fruit and vegetable consumption was below one-third in all study populations. Compared with Swiss nationals, the relative risk of low daily fruit and vegetable intake relative to recommended intake was higher in Turkish nationals (RRR = 2.92, 95 % CI 1.91, 4.48; P = 0.0000) and Kosovan nationals (RRR = 4.76, 95 % CI 3.01, 7.55; P = 0.0000). The respective relative risks of Portuguese, Serbian, German and Italian nationals were not significantly different from the Swiss reference group.
CONCLUSIONS: Initiatives for the promotion of fruit and vegetable consumption should continue to address the population at large. At the same time, programmes that are tailored to the specific needs of migrants from Turkey and Kosovo should be considered.