Cognitive style in attainment of an upside-down posture in water with and without vision.

It is well known that adopting a posture required by the central nervous system takes into account a frame of reference. This frame of reference is built on sensory information and, more particularly, on vision, which is often considered to be the main input. The contribution of vision varies by participant and defines their cognitive style. This study investigates the contribution of visual information and cognitive style to postural strategy and, more precisely, to the construction of an upside-down posture in an underwater condition. Eight synchronized swimmers performed the Rod-and-Frame Test (RFT) to assess their cognitive style and practiced upside-down posture in water to measure their body inclination. The Rod-and-Frame Test scores did not distinguish the participants, as the results of the test showed that most of them were visual-field independent. However, in a closed-eyes condition, participants achieved a more precise vertical position than when using translucent goggles.