Recent developments in our understanding of the semiology and treatment of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) pose clinical challenges in terms of diagnosis and management. Recent studies have thrown further light on the extent to which features of PNES semiology may distinguish PNES patients from those with epilepsy. Management of this patient group will include discussion of the diagnosis, withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs, and psychological intervention when PNES persist. However, the evidence base for these different stages remains limited, although recent studies are beginning to provide guidance for clinicians and future research.