Recurrent syncope caused by compression of internal carotid artery by an anomalous hyoid bone.

In rare cases a syncope can be caused by compression or irritation of the carotid artery and the carotid sinus due to congenital anatomical anomalies of cervical structures like the hyoid bone. We present the case a of 36 year old man with recurrent syncopes when turning his head. Clinical investigations revealed a hyoid bone anomaly with elongated lesser cornua, especially on the right symptomatic side. Surgical resection of the right lesser cornu led to complete resolution of symptoms over a two year follow-up. Syncope especially in younger subjects may be caused by congenital anomalies of the musculoskeletal system in the cervical region and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of syncope, transient cerebral ischemia and stroke.