Juvenile spondyloarthritis treatment recommendations.

No specific recommendations for the treatment of juvenile spondyloarthritis have been established. Important differences exist in how spondyloarthritis begins and progresses in children and adults, supporting the need for pediatric-specific recommendations. Recently published recommendations for the treatment of juvenile arthritis consider children with sacroiliitis in a separate group and allow for more accelerated institution of a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor depending on disease activity and prognostic factors that derive primarily from studies of other forms of juvenile arthritis. There is a need to develop measures of disease activity and prognosis specific for juvenile spondyloarthritis that reflect spinal disease, as well as other major clinical features, such as enthesitis, before significant progress can be made in this area.