ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) is an important traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) commonly used in clinic for a long history in China. RPR is the radix of either Paeonia lactiflora Pall. or Paeonia veitchii Lynch. RPR has a wide variety of pharmacological actions such as anti-thrombus, anti-coagulation, and anti-atherosclerotic properties, protecting heart and liver. However, the mechanisms involved are to be defined. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the present study was to define the effect of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. extracts on vascular tension and responsible mechanisms in rat thoracic aortic rings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethanol extract of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (EPL) was examined for their vascular relaxant effects in isolated phenylephrine-precontracted rat thoracic aorta. RESULTS: EPL induced relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner. Vascular relaxation induced by EPL was significantly inhibited by removal of the endothelium or pretreatment of the rings with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) or 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3-α]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). Extracellular Ca²⁺ depletion or diltiazem significantly attenuated EPL-induced vasorelaxation. Modulators of the store-operated Ca²⁺ entry (SOCE), thapsigargin, 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate and Gd³⁺, and an inhibitor of Akt, wortmannin, markedly attenuated the EPL-induced vasorelaxation. Further, the EPL-induced vasorelaxation was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with tetraethylammonium, a non-selective K(Ca) channels blocker, or glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive K⁺ channels inhibitor, respectively. Inhibition of cyclooxygenases with indomethacin, and adrenergic and muscarinic receptors blockade had no effects on the EPL-induced vasorelaxation. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that EPL relaxes vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent and Akt- and SOCE-eNOS-cGMP-mediated pathways through activation of both K(Ca) and K(ATP) channels and inhibition of L-type Ca²⁺ channels.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) is an important traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) commonly used in clinic for a long history in China. RPR is the radix of either Paeonia lactiflora Pall. or Paeonia veitchii Lynch. RPR has a wide variety of pharmacological actions such as anti-thrombus, anti-coagulation, and anti-atherosclerotic properties, protecting heart and liver. However, the mechanisms involved are to be defined. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the present study was to define the effect of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. extracts on vascular tension and responsible mechanisms in rat thoracic aortic rings. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Ethanol extract of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (EPL) was examined for their vascular relaxant effects in isolated phenylephrine-precontracted rat thoracic aorta. RESULTS: EPL induced relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner. Vascular relaxation induced by EPL was significantly inhibited by removal of the endothelium or pretreatment of the rings with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) or 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3-α]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). Extracellular Ca²⁺ depletion or diltiazem significantly attenuated EPL-induced vasorelaxation. Modulators of the store-operated Ca²⁺ entry (SOCE), thapsigargin, 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate and Gd³⁺, and an inhibitor of Akt, wortmannin, markedly attenuated the EPL-induced vasorelaxation. Further, the EPL-induced vasorelaxation was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with tetraethylammonium, a non-selective K(Ca) channels blocker, or glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive K⁺ channels inhibitor, respectively. Inhibition of cyclooxygenases with indomethacin, and adrenergic and muscarinic receptors blockade had no effects on the EPL-induced vasorelaxation. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that EPL relaxes vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent and Akt- and SOCE-eNOS-cGMP-mediated pathways through activation of both K(Ca) and K(ATP) channels and inhibition of L-type Ca²⁺ channels.