Physicochemical signatures of natural sea films from Middle Adriatic stations.

Monolayer studies and a force-area quantification approach, in combination with electrochemical methods, are applied for physicochemical characterization of surface active substances (SAS) of the sea surface microlayers (MLs) from Middle Adriatic stations. Higher primary production during late spring-early autumn was reflected in the presence of MLs of higher surfactant activity containing on average molecules of lower molecular masses (M(w) = 0.65 ± 0.27 kDa) and higher miscibility (y = 6.46 ± 1.33) and elasticity (E(isoth) = 18.33 ± 2.02 mN m(-1)) modulus in comparison to structural parameters (average M(w) = 2.15 ± 1.58 kDa; y = 3.51 ± 1.46; E(isoth) = 6.41 ± 1.97 mN m(-1)) obtained for MLs from a period of lower production. A higher inhibition effect on the reduction process of Cd(2+) was observed for SAS abundant MLs from a more productive period. This kind of distribution is explained as the consequence of competitive adsorption of hydrophobic lipid-like substances of lower M(w) that act as end-members, highly influencing the surface structural properties of the natural air-water interface forming there segregated surface films during more productive period.