BACKGROUND: ADVANCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) IS A MALIGNANCY OF GLOBAL IMPORTANCE: it is the sixth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite decades of efforts by many investigators, systemic chemotherapy or hormone therapy has failed to demonstrate improved survival in patients with HCC.. Ongoing studies are evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of combining Sorafenib with erlotinib and other targeted agents or chemotherapy. AIMS: On the basis of placebo-controlled, randomized phase III trials, Sorafenib has shown improved survival benefits in advanced HCC and has set a new standard for future clinical trials. The successful clinical development of Sorafenib in HCC has ushered in the era of molecularly targeted agents in this disease, which is discussed in this educational review. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Many molecularly targeted agents that inhibit angiogenesis, epidermal growth factor receptor, and mammalian target of rapamycin are at different stages of clinical development in advanced HCC. Future research should continue to unravel the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis and to identify key relevant molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. Identification and validation of potential surrogate and predictive biomarkers hold promise to individualize patients' treatment to maximize clinical benefit and minimize the toxicity and cost of targeted agents. RESULTS: Systemic therapy with various classes of agents, including hormone and cytotoxic agents, has provided no or marginal benefits. Improved understanding of the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis, coupled with the arrival of many newly developed molecularly targeted agents, has provided the unique opportunity to study some of these novel agents in advanced HCC. CONCLUSIONS: The demonstration of improved survival benefits by Sorafenib in advanced HCC has ushered in the era of molecular-targeted therapy in this disease, with many agents undergoing active clinical development.
BACKGROUND:ADVANCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) IS A MALIGNANCY OF GLOBAL IMPORTANCE: it is the sixth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite decades of efforts by many investigators, systemic chemotherapy or hormone therapy has failed to demonstrate improved survival in patients with HCC.. Ongoing studies are evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of combining Sorafenib with erlotinib and other targeted agents or chemotherapy. AIMS: On the basis of placebo-controlled, randomized phase III trials, Sorafenib has shown improved survival benefits in advanced HCC and has set a new standard for future clinical trials. The successful clinical development of Sorafenib in HCC has ushered in the era of molecularly targeted agents in this disease, which is discussed in this educational review. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Many molecularly targeted agents that inhibit angiogenesis, epidermal growth factor receptor, and mammalian target of rapamycin are at different stages of clinical development in advanced HCC. Future research should continue to unravel the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis and to identify key relevant molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. Identification and validation of potential surrogate and predictive biomarkers hold promise to individualize patients' treatment to maximize clinical benefit and minimize the toxicity and cost of targeted agents. RESULTS: Systemic therapy with various classes of agents, including hormone and cytotoxic agents, has provided no or marginal benefits. Improved understanding of the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis, coupled with the arrival of many newly developed molecularly targeted agents, has provided the unique opportunity to study some of these novel agents in advanced HCC. CONCLUSIONS: The demonstration of improved survival benefits by Sorafenib in advanced HCC has ushered in the era of molecular-targeted therapy in this disease, with many agents undergoing active clinical development.
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Authors: Andrew X Zhu; Keith Stuart; Lawrence S Blaszkowsky; Alona Muzikansky; Donald P Reitberg; Jeffrey W Clark; Peter C Enzinger; Pankaj Bhargava; Jeffrey A Meyerhardt; Kerry Horgan; Charles S Fuchs; David P Ryan Journal: Cancer Date: 2007-08-01 Impact factor: 6.860
Authors: Scott M Wilhelm; Christopher Carter; Liya Tang; Dean Wilkie; Angela McNabola; Hong Rong; Charles Chen; Xiaomei Zhang; Patrick Vincent; Mark McHugh; Yichen Cao; Jaleel Shujath; Susan Gawlak; Deepa Eveleigh; Bruce Rowley; Li Liu; Lila Adnane; Mark Lynch; Daniel Auclair; Ian Taylor; Rich Gedrich; Andrei Voznesensky; Bernd Riedl; Leonard E Post; Gideon Bollag; Pamela A Trail Journal: Cancer Res Date: 2004-10-01 Impact factor: 13.312
Authors: Nuria E Cabrera-Benitez; Eduardo Pérez-Roth; Milena Casula; Angela Ramos-Nuez; Carla Ríos-Luci; Carlos Rodríguez-Gallego; Ithaisa Sologuren; Virginija Jakubkiene; Arthur S Slutsky; José M Padrón; Jesús Villar Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-11-08 Impact factor: 3.240