Molecular characterization and expression analysis of sodium pump genes in the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis.

Sodium pumps (EC 3.6.3.9, Na(+)-ATPase), which mediate excretion of Na(+) from the cell, play a crucial role in Na(+) homeostasis in eukaryotic cells. The objective of this study is to understand the Na(+) efflux system in a marine red alga. We identified a novel sodium pump gene, PyKPA2, from the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis. The amino acid sequence of PyKPA2 shares 65 % identity with PyKPA1, a previously identified P. yezoensis sodium pump. Similar to PyKPA1, PyKPA2 contains conserved sequences for functions such as phosphorylation, ATP binding, and cation binding. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two genes cluster with sodium pumps from algae. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that PyKPA1 is expressed preferentially in sporophytes, whereas PyKPA2 is expressed specifically in gametophytes. RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that PyKPA1 and PyKPA2 transcripts were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in gametophytes during exposure to alkali stress. In addition, transcription of both genes in gametophytes was also induced by cold stress. These results suggest that PyKPA1 and PyKPA2 play an important role in alkali and cold stress tolerance.