Replication of vesicular stomatitis virus facilitated by Shope fibroma virus in vivo.

Previous studies show that Shope fibroma virus facilitates replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in some rabbit cells grown in vitro. In the present investigation, the possibility that these two viruses can also interact in vivo was determined. Rabbits inoculated intradermally with both viruses together, or each separately, were examined for the formation of lesions or tumors and for the production of infectious virus. The presence of VSV interfered with tumorigenesis by Shope fibroma virus. In tumors already formed, production of infectious VSV was greater than in normal skin. Hence, each virus affected the other. Sera and tissues of normal rabbits were found to contain a substance which inhibits VSV; this may act to limit replication of VSV in rabbit skin. In addition, cultured rabbit skin cells appeared to adsorb VSV inefficiently. When persistently infected by Shope fibroma virus, however, adsorption of VSV was markedly improved. Our results suggest that in vivo Shope fibroma virus may facilitate adsorption of VSV to reduce the effect of a natural inhibitor and consequently enhance production of infectious virus.