BACKGROUND: Few cohort studies have examined smoking and alcohol consumption in relation to risk of thyroid cancer, and their findings are conflicting. METHODS: We therefore assessed the association of smoking and alcohol intake with risk of thyroid cancer in a cohort of 159,340 women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative. Over 12.7 years of follow-up 331 cases of thyroid cancer, of which 276 were papillary thyroid cancer, were identified. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Compared to never smokers, ever smokers did not have altered risk. Current smokers had reduced risk for all thyroid cancer (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29-1.00) and for papillary thyroid cancer (HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.15-0.78); however, the number of current smokers among cases was small. No associations or trends were seen for amount smoked, age of starting smoking, or age at quitting. Smokers of ≥40 pack-years had a significantly reduced risk of papillary thyroid cancer (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.89). In contrast, women who had smoked for < 20 years had increased risk of thyroid cancer (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.74) and papillary cancer (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.09-1.89). Alcohol intake was not associated with risk. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that current smoking and having higher pack-years of exposure are associated with a modestly reduced risk of thyroid cancer, whereas alcohol consumption does not appear to affect risk.
BACKGROUND: Few cohort studies have examined smoking and alcohol consumption in relation to risk of thyroid cancer, and their findings are conflicting. METHODS: We therefore assessed the association of smoking and alcohol intake with risk of thyroid cancer in a cohort of 159,340 women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative. Over 12.7 years of follow-up 331 cases of thyroid cancer, of which 276 were papillary thyroid cancer, were identified. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Compared to never smokers, ever smokers did not have altered risk. Current smokers had reduced risk for all thyroid cancer (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29-1.00) and for papillary thyroid cancer (HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.15-0.78); however, the number of current smokers among cases was small. No associations or trends were seen for amount smoked, age of starting smoking, or age at quitting. Smokers of ≥40 pack-years had a significantly reduced risk of papillary thyroid cancer (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.89). In contrast, women who had smoked for < 20 years had increased risk of thyroid cancer (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.74) and papillary cancer (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.09-1.89). Alcohol intake was not associated with risk. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that current smoking and having higher pack-years of exposure are associated with a modestly reduced risk of thyroid cancer, whereas alcohol consumption does not appear to affect risk.
Authors: Yohwan Yeo; Seung-Hyun Ma; Yunji Hwang; Pamela L Horn-Ross; Ann Hsing; Kyu-Eun Lee; Young Joo Park; Do-Joon Park; Keun-Young Yoo; Sue K Park Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-06-13 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Yunji Hwang; Kyu Eun Lee; Elisabete Weiderpass; Young Joo Park; Young Jun Chai; Hyungju Kwon; Do Joon Park; BeLong Cho; Ho-Chun Choi; Daehee Kang; Sue K Park Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-03-17 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Abhijit Sen; Konstantinos K Tsilidis; Naomi E Allen; Sabina Rinaldi; Paul N Appleby; Martin Almquist; Julie A Schmidt; Christina C Dahm; Kim Overvad; Anne Tjønneland; Agnetha L Rostgaard-Hansen; Françoise Clavel-Chapelon; Laura Baglietto; Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault; Tilman Kühn; Verena A Katze; Heiner Boeing; Antonia Trichopoulou; Christos Tsironis; Pagona Lagiou; Domenico Palli; Valeria Pala; Salvatore Panico; Rosario Tumino; Paolo Vineis; Hb As Bueno-de-Mesquita; Petra H Peeters; Anette Hjartåker; Eiliv Lund; Elisabete Weiderpass; J Ramón Quirós; Antonio Agudo; María-José Sánchez; Larraitz Arriola; Diana Gavrila; Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea; Ada Tosovic; Joakim Hennings; Maria Sandström; Isabelle Romieu; Pietro Ferrari; Raul Zamora-Ros; Kay-Tee Khaw; Nicholas J Wareham; Elio Riboli; Marc Gunter; Silvia Franceschi Journal: Br J Cancer Date: 2015-08-27 Impact factor: 7.640