Dietary exposure to trace elements and health risk assessment in the 2nd French Total Diet Study.

Dietary exposure of the French population to trace elements has been assessed in the second national Total Diet Study (TDS). Food samples (n = 1319) were collected between 2007 and 2009 to be representative of the whole diet of the population, prepared as consumed, and analyzed. Occurrence data were combined with national individual consumption data to estimate dietary exposure for adults and children mean and high consumers. Compared to the 1st French TDS performed in 2000-2004, exposure is higher for cadmium, aluminium, antimony, nickel, cobalt and lower for lead, mercury and arsenic. For aluminium, methylmercury, cadmium, lead and inorganic arsenic risk cannot be ruled out for certain consumer groups. It still appears necessary to continue undertaking efforts to reduce exposure to these elements. Due to the lack of robust toxicological data and/or speciation analysis in food on chromium, tin, silver and vanadium to perform a risk assessment, data on occurrence and dietary exposure are provided as Supplementary material. In order to minimize nutritional and chemical risks, the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) reiterates its recommendation for a diversified diet (food items and origins).