PURPOSE: To describe morphometric details of the human aqueous humor (AH) outflow microvasculature visualized with 360-degree virtual castings during active AH outflow in cadaver eyes and to compare these structures with corrosion casting studies. METHODS: The conventional AH outflow pathways of donor eyes (n = 7) and eyes in vivo (n = 3) were imaged with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and wide-bandwidth superluminescent diode array during active AH outflow. Digital image contrast was adjusted to isolate AH microvasculature, and images were viewed in a 3D viewer. Additional eyes (n = 3) were perfused with mock AH containing fluorescent tracer microspheres to compare microvasculature patterns. RESULTS: Observations revealed components of the conventional outflow pathway from Schlemm's canal (SC) to the superficial intrascleral venous plexus (ISVP). The superficial ISVP in both our study and corrosion casts were composed of interconnected venules (10-50 μm) forming a hexagonal meshwork. Larger radial arcades (50-100 μm) drained the region nearest SC and converged with larger tortuous vessels (>100 μm). A 360-degree virtual casting closely approximated corrosion casting studies. Tracer studies corroborated our findings. Tracer decorated several larger vessels (50-100 μm) extending posteriorly from the limbus in both raw and contrast-enhanced fluorescence images. Smaller tracer-labeled vessels (30-40 μm) were seen branching between larger vessels and exhibited a similar hexagonal network pattern. CONCLUSIONS: SD-OCT is capable of detailed morphometric analysis of the conventional outflow pathway in vivo or ex vivo with details comparable to corrosion casting techniques.
PURPOSE: To describe morphometric details of the human aqueous humor (AH) outflow microvasculature visualized with 360-degree virtual castings during active AH outflow in cadaver eyes and to compare these structures with corrosion casting studies. METHODS: The conventional AH outflow pathways of donor eyes (n = 7) and eyes in vivo (n = 3) were imaged with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and wide-bandwidth superluminescent diode array during active AH outflow. Digital image contrast was adjusted to isolate AH microvasculature, and images were viewed in a 3D viewer. Additional eyes (n = 3) were perfused with mock AH containing fluorescent tracer microspheres to compare microvasculature patterns. RESULTS: Observations revealed components of the conventional outflow pathway from Schlemm's canal (SC) to the superficial intrascleral venous plexus (ISVP). The superficial ISVP in both our study and corrosion casts were composed of interconnected venules (10-50 μm) forming a hexagonal meshwork. Larger radial arcades (50-100 μm) drained the region nearest SC and converged with larger tortuous vessels (>100 μm). A 360-degree virtual casting closely approximated corrosion casting studies. Tracer studies corroborated our findings. Tracer decorated several larger vessels (50-100 μm) extending posteriorly from the limbus in both raw and contrast-enhanced fluorescence images. Smaller tracer-labeled vessels (30-40 μm) were seen branching between larger vessels and exhibited a similar hexagonal network pattern. CONCLUSIONS: SD-OCT is capable of detailed morphometric analysis of the conventional outflow pathway in vivo or ex vivo with details comparable to corrosion casting techniques.
Authors: Larry Kagemann; Gadi Wollstein; Hiroshi Ishikawa; Richard A Bilonick; Peter M Brennen; Lindsey S Folio; Michelle L Gabriele; Joel S Schuman Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2010-03-17 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Larry Kagemann; Bo Wang; Gadi Wollstein; Hiroshi Ishikawa; Jessica E Nevins; Zach Nadler; Ian A Sigal; Richard A Bilonick; Joel S Schuman Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2014-03-25 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Guorong Li; Dibyendu Mukherjee; Iris Navarro; Nicole E Ashpole; Joseph M Sherwood; Jinlong Chang; Darryl R Overby; Fan Yuan; Pedro Gonzalez; Casey C Kopczynski; Sina Farsiu; W Daniel Stamer Journal: Eur J Pharmacol Date: 2016-04-13 Impact factor: 4.432
Authors: Larry Kagemann; Bo Wang; Gadi Wollstein; Hiroshi Ishikawa; Brandon Mentley; Ian Sigal; Richard A Bilonick; Joel S Schuman Journal: J Vis Exp Date: 2015-06-20 Impact factor: 1.355