Thaer Khoury1. 1. Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA. thaer.khoury@roswellpark.org
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Delay to formalin fixation (DFF) also known as cold ischemia has been known to have an adverse effect on breast biomarkers. The aim of the study was to further evaluate the effect of DFF on tumor histomorphology and immunohistochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten palpable invasive breast carcinomas were resected and underwent immediate gross evaluation. For each case, the procured tumor was divided into 8 equal parts and consecutively fixed after 0, 10, and 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours; 1 section was kept in saline and stored overnight at 4°C. Stains normally used in breast pathology including epidermal growth factor receptor, Ki-67, p53, AE 1/3, CAM-5.2, cytokeratin (CK)7, CK14, CK5/6, epithelial membrane antigen, E-cadherin, gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, and mammaglobin were studied. The change was considered significant if it had any pathologic or clinical consequence. RESULTS: DFF had spurious effect on 9 of 10 cases. However, significant alteration that affected the histomorphologic interpretation was observed in 3 cases. Significant immunohistochemistry alteration was seen only in the membranous markers (epidermal growth factor receptor and E-cadherin). Although the quality of the cytoplasmic markers was affected, the interpretation (positive vs. negative) was not affected by DFF. Ki-67 had minimal but insignificant change. Generally, these changes occurred at or after 2-hour mark. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, specimens should be fixed within 1 hour from tissue harvesting and not stored without fixation overnight.
BACKGROUND: Delay to formalin fixation (DFF) also known as cold ischemia has been known to have an adverse effect on breast biomarkers. The aim of the study was to further evaluate the effect of DFF on tumor histomorphology and immunohistochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten palpable invasive breast carcinomas were resected and underwent immediate gross evaluation. For each case, the procured tumor was divided into 8 equal parts and consecutively fixed after 0, 10, and 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours; 1 section was kept in saline and stored overnight at 4°C. Stains normally used in breast pathology including epidermal growth factor receptor, Ki-67, p53, AE 1/3, CAM-5.2, cytokeratin (CK)7, CK14, CK5/6, epithelial membrane antigen, E-cadherin, gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, and mammaglobin were studied. The change was considered significant if it had any pathologic or clinical consequence. RESULTS: DFF had spurious effect on 9 of 10 cases. However, significant alteration that affected the histomorphologic interpretation was observed in 3 cases. Significant immunohistochemistry alteration was seen only in the membranous markers (epidermal growth factor receptor and E-cadherin). Although the quality of the cytoplasmic markers was affected, the interpretation (positive vs. negative) was not affected by DFF. Ki-67 had minimal but insignificant change. Generally, these changes occurred at or after 2-hour mark. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, specimens should be fixed within 1 hour from tissue harvesting and not stored without fixation overnight.
Authors: Aditi Bagchi; Zachary Madaj; Kelly B Engel; Ping Guan; Daniel C Rohrer; Dana R Valley; Emily Wolfrum; Kristin Feenstra; Nancy Roche; Galen Hostetter; Helen M Moore; Scott D Jewell Journal: J Histochem Cytochem Date: 2021-03-01 Impact factor: 2.479
Authors: Angela R Omilian; Gary R Zirpoli; Ting-Yuan David Cheng; Song Yao; Leighton Stein; Warren Davis; Karen L Head; Priya Nair; Thaer Khoury; Christine B Ambrosone; Wiam Bshara Journal: Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol Date: 2020-04
Authors: Carlos Parra-Herran; Anais Malpica; Esther Oliva; Gian Franco Zannoni; Pedro T Ramirez; Joseph T Rabban Journal: Int J Gynecol Pathol Date: 2021-03-01 Impact factor: 3.326
Authors: Thaer Khoury; Gary Zirpoli; Stephanie M Cohen; Joseph Geradts; Angela Omilian; Warren Davis; Wiam Bshara; Ryan Miller; Michelle M Mathews; Melissa Troester; Julie R Palmer; Christine B Ambrosone Journal: Am J Clin Pathol Date: 2017-08-01 Impact factor: 2.493
Authors: Suzanne A Eccles; Eric O Aboagye; Simak Ali; Annie S Anderson; Jo Armes; Fedor Berditchevski; Jeremy P Blaydes; Keith Brennan; Nicola J Brown; Helen E Bryant; Nigel J Bundred; Joy M Burchell; Anna M Campbell; Jason S Carroll; Robert B Clarke; Charlotte E Coles; Gary J R Cook; Angela Cox; Nicola J Curtin; Lodewijk V Dekker; Isabel dos Santos Silva; Stephen W Duffy; Douglas F Easton; Diana M Eccles; Dylan R Edwards; Joanne Edwards; D Evans; Deborah F Fenlon; James M Flanagan; Claire Foster; William M Gallagher; Montserrat Garcia-Closas; Julia M W Gee; Andy J Gescher; Vicky Goh; Ashley M Groves; Amanda J Harvey; Michelle Harvie; Bryan T Hennessy; Stephen Hiscox; Ingunn Holen; Sacha J Howell; Anthony Howell; Gill Hubbard; Nick Hulbert-Williams; Myra S Hunter; Bharat Jasani; Louise J Jones; Timothy J Key; Cliona C Kirwan; Anthony Kong; Ian H Kunkler; Simon P Langdon; Martin O Leach; David J Mann; John F Marshall; Lesley Martin; Stewart G Martin; Jennifer E Macdougall; David W Miles; William R Miller; Joanna R Morris; Sue M Moss; Paul Mullan; Rachel Natrajan; James P B O'Connor; Rosemary O'Connor; Carlo Palmieri; Paul D P Pharoah; Emad A Rakha; Elizabeth Reed; Simon P Robinson; Erik Sahai; John M Saxton; Peter Schmid; Matthew J Smalley; Valerie Speirs; Robert Stein; John Stingl; Charles H Streuli; Andrew N J Tutt; Galina Velikova; Rosemary A Walker; Christine J Watson; Kaye J Williams; Leonie S Young; Alastair M Thompson Journal: Breast Cancer Res Date: 2013-10-01 Impact factor: 6.466