Ureteroscopic holmium laser ablation of a knotted ureteral stent.

Ureteral stents are commonly used in urologic practice and have a number of well recognized complications. A rare complication is knotting with associated difficult removal having been reported in only 15 previous cases. Various methods of removal have been described. We report an additional case in which a ureteroscopic holmium laser was successfully used to remove a knotted ureteral stent. A literature review of all previous cases of this rare complication is also presented.