Catherine Lord1, Rebecca M Jones. 1. Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill-Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital/Westchester Division, White Plains, NY, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The nosology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is at a critical point in history as the field seeks to better define dimensions of social-communication deficits and restricted/repetitive behaviors on an individual level for both clinical and neurobiological purposes. These different dimensions also suggest an increasing need for quantitative measures that accurately map their differences, independent of developmental factors such as age, language level and IQ. METHOD: Psychometric measures, clinical observation as well as genetic, neurobiological and physiological research from toddlers, children and adults with ASD are reviewed. RESULTS: The question of how to conceptualize ASDs along dimensions versus categories is discussed within the nosology of autism and the proposed changes to the DSM-5 and ICD-11. Differences across development are incorporated into the new classification frameworks. CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to balance the needs of clinical practice in ASD diagnostic systems, with neurobiologically based theories that address the associations between social-communication and restricted/repetitive dimensions in individuals. Clarifying terminology, improving description of the core features of ASD and other dimensions that interact with them and providing more valid and reliable ways to quantify them, both for research and clinical purposes, will move forward both practice and science.
BACKGROUND: The nosology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is at a critical point in history as the field seeks to better define dimensions of social-communication deficits and restricted/repetitive behaviors on an individual level for both clinical and neurobiological purposes. These different dimensions also suggest an increasing need for quantitative measures that accurately map their differences, independent of developmental factors such as age, language level and IQ. METHOD: Psychometric measures, clinical observation as well as genetic, neurobiological and physiological research from toddlers, children and adults with ASD are reviewed. RESULTS: The question of how to conceptualize ASDs along dimensions versus categories is discussed within the nosology of autism and the proposed changes to the DSM-5 and ICD-11. Differences across development are incorporated into the new classification frameworks. CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to balance the needs of clinical practice in ASD diagnostic systems, with neurobiologically based theories that address the associations between social-communication and restricted/repetitive dimensions in individuals. Clarifying terminology, improving description of the core features of ASD and other dimensions that interact with them and providing more valid and reliable ways to quantify them, both for research and clinical purposes, will move forward both practice and science.
Authors: Martha D Kaiser; Caitlin M Hudac; Sarah Shultz; Su Mei Lee; Celeste Cheung; Allison M Berken; Ben Deen; Naomi B Pitskel; Daniel R Sugrue; Avery C Voos; Celine A Saulnier; Pamela Ventola; Julie M Wolf; Ami Klin; Brent C Vander Wyk; Kevin A Pelphrey Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2010-11-15 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Ashley A Scott-Van Zeeland; Brett S Abrahams; Ana I Alvarez-Retuerto; Lisa I Sonnenblick; Jeffrey D Rudie; Dara Ghahremani; Jeanette A Mumford; Russell A Poldrack; Mirella Dapretto; Daniel H Geschwind; Susan Y Bookheimer Journal: Sci Transl Med Date: 2010-11-03 Impact factor: 17.956
Authors: Pat Mirenda; Isabel M Smith; Tracy Vaillancourt; Stelios Georgiades; Eric Duku; Peter Szatmari; Susan Bryson; Eric Fombonne; Wendy Roberts; Joanne Volden; Charlotte Waddell; Lonnie Zwaigenbaum Journal: J Autism Dev Disord Date: 2010-12
Authors: Krisztina L Malisza; Christine Clancy; Deborah Shiloff; Derek Foreman; Jeanette Holden; Cheryl Jones; K Paulson; Randy Summers; C T Yu; Albert E Chudley Journal: J Autism Dev Disord Date: 2011-01
Authors: Annelies de Bildt; Iris J Oosterling; Natasja D J van Lang; Sjoerd Sytema; Ruud B Minderaa; Herman van Engeland; Sascha Roos; Jan K Buitelaar; Rutger-Jan van der Gaag; Maretha V de Jonge Journal: J Autism Dev Disord Date: 2011-03
Authors: Daniel Bone; Chi-Chun Lee; Matthew P Black; Marian E Williams; Sungbok Lee; Pat Levitt; Shrikanth Narayanan Journal: J Speech Lang Hear Res Date: 2014-08 Impact factor: 2.297
Authors: C Toma; B Torrico; A Hervás; R Valdés-Mas; A Tristán-Noguero; V Padillo; M Maristany; M Salgado; C Arenas; X S Puente; M Bayés; B Cormand Journal: Mol Psychiatry Date: 2013-09-03 Impact factor: 15.992
Authors: Stelios Georgiades; Michael Boyle; Peter Szatmari; Steven Hanna; Eric Duku; Lonnie Zwaigenbaum; Susan Bryson; Eric Fombonne; Joanne Volden; Pat Mirenda; Isabel Smith; Wendy Roberts; Tracy Vaillancourt; Charlotte Waddell; Teresa Bennett; Mayada Elsabbagh; Ann Thompson Journal: J Autism Dev Disord Date: 2014-12
Authors: Kris Evers; Jarymke Maljaars; Sarah J Carrington; Alice S Carter; Francesca Happé; Jean Steyaert; Susan R Leekam; Ilse Noens Journal: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2020-02-19 Impact factor: 4.785