PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the association between changes in airborne particulate matter concentration (PM) with changes in cases of mortality, acute respiratory infections (ARI) and asthma over 2004-2008 in an industrialized and polluted region in central Mexico. METHODS: A generalized linear model with a Poisson distribution and a negative binomial analysis was used to evaluate the influence of PM and temperature on all-cause mortality (All-cause-M), cause-specific mortality (Cause-specific-M), ARI and asthma, using cubic spline functions and distributed lags of PM. Estimated changes in relative risk were calculated for an exposure corresponding to each increase of 10 μg/m(3) in PM level. RESULTS: Associations between PM and mortality and morbidity were statistically most consistent for total suspended particulate (TSP) than for particulate matter <10 μM aerodynamic diameter (PM10). The greatest effects in mortality were observed with a 3-week lag, and effects were greater for Cause-specific-M. We also found a displacement effect up to 4-week lag for Cause-specific-M and TSP. The greatest effects in morbidity were observed at 0-week lag, yet they were statistically marginal and were greater for asthma. We found a displacement effect at 4-5-6-week lag for asthma and TSP. All associations of mortality and morbidity, expressed as change in relative risk, were greater with PM10; however, all of them were statistically marginal. CONCLUSIONS: Increased respiratory morbidity and mortality is associated with weekly changes of PM air pollution in the region. A reduction in air pollutants from industrial sources would benefit life quality and health of the exposed population.
PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the association between changes in airborne particulate matter concentration (PM) with changes in cases of mortality, acute respiratory infections (ARI) and asthma over 2004-2008 in an industrialized and polluted region in central Mexico. METHODS: A generalized linear model with a Poisson distribution and a negative binomial analysis was used to evaluate the influence of PM and temperature on all-cause mortality (All-cause-M), cause-specific mortality (Cause-specific-M), ARI and asthma, using cubic spline functions and distributed lags of PM. Estimated changes in relative risk were calculated for an exposure corresponding to each increase of 10 μg/m(3) in PM level. RESULTS: Associations between PM and mortality and morbidity were statistically most consistent for total suspended particulate (TSP) than for particulate matter <10 μM aerodynamic diameter (PM10). The greatest effects in mortality were observed with a 3-week lag, and effects were greater for Cause-specific-M. We also found a displacement effect up to 4-week lag for Cause-specific-M and TSP. The greatest effects in morbidity were observed at 0-week lag, yet they were statistically marginal and were greater for asthma. We found a displacement effect at 4-5-6-week lag for asthma and TSP. All associations of mortality and morbidity, expressed as change in relative risk, were greater with PM10; however, all of them were statistically marginal. CONCLUSIONS: Increased respiratory morbidity and mortality is associated with weekly changes of PM air pollution in the region. A reduction in air pollutants from industrial sources would benefit life quality and health of the exposed population.
Authors: L Carbajal-Arroyo; V Miranda-Soberanis; M Medina-Ramón; L Rojas-Bracho; G Tzintzun; P Solís-Gutiérrez; I Méndez-Ramírez; M Hurtado-Díaz; J Schwartz; I Romieu Journal: J Epidemiol Community Health Date: 2010-08-18 Impact factor: 3.710
Authors: A F Behndig; I S Mudway; J L Brown; N Stenfors; R Helleday; S T Duggan; S J Wilson; C Boman; F R Cassee; A J Frew; F J Kelly; T Sandström; A Blomberg Journal: Eur Respir J Date: 2006-02 Impact factor: 16.671
Authors: I Romieu; F Meneses; J J Sienra-Monge; J Huerta; S Ruiz Velasco; M C White; R A Etzel; M Hernandez-Avila Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 1995-03-15 Impact factor: 4.897