Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI)-Induced Acute Renal Failure in Premature Newborns with Congenital Heart Disease.

We report three cases of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) induced nephrotoxicity in preterm infants with congenital heart disease. Patients developed acute renal failure after starting captopril or enalapril at doses commonly prescribed for term neonates. There was no underlying renal disease found in these infants and the acute renal failure was reversible upon discontinuation of the ACEI. Conservative starting doses of ACEI should be used in patients with multiple risk factors for nephrotoxicity. A summary of previously reported ACEI induced renal failure in premature infants and congenital heart disease is included.