Source contributions to atmospheric gases and particulate matter in the southeastern United States.

A new approach for determining the contributions of emission sources to concentrations of particulate matter and gases is developed using the chemical mass balance (CMB) method and the U.S. EPA's National Emission Inventory (NEI). The approach apportions combined gas-phase and condensed-phase concentrations of individual compounds as well as PM(2.5) mass. Because the NEI is used to provide source emission profiles for CMB analysis, the method generates information on the consistency of the NEI with ambient monitoring data. The method also tracks secondary species to primary source emissions, permitting a more complete accounting of the impact of aggregated source types on PM(2.5) mass concentrations. An example application is presented using four years of monitoring data collected at eight sites in the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) network. Including both primary and secondary species, area sources contributed 2.0-3.7 μg m(-3) (13-26%), point sources contributed 3.0-4.6 μg m(-3) (22-33%), and mobile sources contributed 1.0-6.0 μg m(-3) (9-42%) to mean PM(2.5) mass concentrations. Whereas the NEI generally accounts for the ambient concentrations of gases and particles, certain anomalies are identified, especially related to carbonaceous compounds and dust.