Anda Botoseneanu1, Jersey Liang. 1. Internal Medicine/Geriatrics Department, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. anda.botoseneanu@yale.edu
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Obesity is increasingly prevalent among older adults, yet little is known about the impact of health behaviors on the trajectories of body weight in this age group. METHODS: We examined the effect of time-varying smoking, physical activity (PA), alcohol use, and changes thereof, on the 14-year (1992-2006) trajectory of body- mass index (BMI) in a cohort of 10,314 older adults from the Health and Retirements Study, aged 51-61 years at baseline. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) quantifies the effect of smoking, PA, and alcohol use (user status, initiation and cessation) on intercept and rate-of-change in BMI trajectory, and tests for variations in the strength of association between each behavior and BMI. RESULTS: Over 14 years (82,512 observations), BMI increased approximated by a quadratic function. Smoking and PA (user status and initiation) were associated with significantly lower BMI trajectories over time. Cessation of smoking and PA resulted in higher BMI trajectories over time. The weight-gaining effect of smoking cessation increased, while the strength of association between BMI trajectories and PA or alcohol use were constant over time. Socio-economic and health status differences explained the effects of alcohol use on BMI trajectory. CONCLUSIONS: In older adults, smoking and PA, and changes thereof, vary in their long-term effect on trajectories of BMI. Barring increases in PA levels, older smokers who quit today are expected to gain significantly more weight than two decades ago. This knowledge is essential for the design of smoking cessation, physical activityPA, and weight-control interventions in older adults.
BACKGROUND: Obesity is increasingly prevalent among older adults, yet little is known about the impact of health behaviors on the trajectories of body weight in this age group. METHODS: We examined the effect of time-varying smoking, physical activity (PA), alcohol use, and changes thereof, on the 14-year (1992-2006) trajectory of body- mass index (BMI) in a cohort of 10,314 older adults from the Health and Retirements Study, aged 51-61 years at baseline. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) quantifies the effect of smoking, PA, and alcohol use (user status, initiation and cessation) on intercept and rate-of-change in BMI trajectory, and tests for variations in the strength of association between each behavior and BMI. RESULTS: Over 14 years (82,512 observations), BMI increased approximated by a quadratic function. Smoking and PA (user status and initiation) were associated with significantly lower BMI trajectories over time. Cessation of smoking and PA resulted in higher BMI trajectories over time. The weight-gaining effect of smoking cessation increased, while the strength of association between BMI trajectories and PA or alcohol use were constant over time. Socio-economic and health status differences explained the effects of alcohol use on BMI trajectory. CONCLUSIONS: In older adults, smoking and PA, and changes thereof, vary in their long-term effect on trajectories of BMI. Barring increases in PA levels, older smokers who quit today are expected to gain significantly more weight than two decades ago. This knowledge is essential for the design of smoking cessation, physical activityPA, and weight-control interventions in older adults.
Authors: Amy Berrington de Gonzalez; Patricia Hartge; James R Cerhan; Alan J Flint; Lindsay Hannan; Robert J MacInnis; Steven C Moore; Geoffrey S Tobias; Hoda Anton-Culver; Laura Beane Freeman; W Lawrence Beeson; Sandra L Clipp; Dallas R English; Aaron R Folsom; D Michal Freedman; Graham Giles; Niclas Hakansson; Katherine D Henderson; Judith Hoffman-Bolton; Jane A Hoppin; Karen L Koenig; I-Min Lee; Martha S Linet; Yikyung Park; Gaia Pocobelli; Arthur Schatzkin; Howard D Sesso; Elisabete Weiderpass; Bradley J Willcox; Alicja Wolk; Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte; Walter C Willett; Michael J Thun Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2010-12-02 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Jersey Liang; Joan M Bennett; Benjamin A Shaw; Ana R Quiñones; Wen Ye; Xiao Xu; Mary Beth Ofstedal Journal: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci Date: 2008-09 Impact factor: 4.077
Authors: Hiroshi Murayama; Jersey Liang; Joan M Bennett; Benjamin A Shaw; Anda Botoseneanu; Erika Kobayashi; Taro Fukaya; Shoji Shinkai Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2015-09-12 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Fredric D Wolinsky; Padmaja Ayyagari; Theodore K Malmstrom; J Phillip Miller; Elena M Andresen; Mario Schootman; Douglas K Miller Journal: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci Date: 2013-12-13 Impact factor: 6.053
Authors: Hiroshi Murayama; Jersey Liang; Joan M Bennett; Benjamin A Shaw; Anda Botoseneanu; Erika Kobayashi; Taro Fukaya; Shoji Shinkai Journal: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci Date: 2015-01-10 Impact factor: 4.077
Authors: John M Jakicic; Kenneth E Powell; Wayne W Campbell; Loretta Dipietro; Russell R Pate; Linda S Pescatello; Katherine A Collins; Bonny Bloodgood; Katrina L Piercy Journal: Med Sci Sports Exerc Date: 2019-06 Impact factor: 5.411
Authors: Maragatha N Kuchibhatla; Gerda G Fillenbaum; William E Kraus; Harvey Jay Cohen; Dan G Blazer Journal: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci Date: 2012-10-22 Impact factor: 6.053
Authors: Edvard H Sagelv; Ulf Ekelund; Laila A Hopstock; Marius Steiro Fimland; Ola Løvsletten; Tom Wilsgaard; Bente Morseth Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2021-05-18 Impact factor: 5.095
Authors: Jerome A Yesavage; Lisa M Kinoshita; Art Noda; Laura C Lazzeroni; Jennifer Kaci Fairchild; Leah Friedman; Gundeep Sekhon; Stephanie Thompson; Jauhtai Cheng; Jamie M Zeitzer Journal: Nat Sci Sleep Date: 2014-10-29
Authors: Sari Stenholm; Jussi Vahtera; Ichiro Kawachi; Jaana Pentti; Jaana I Halonen; Hugo Westerlund; Fahad Razak; S V Subramanian; Mika Kivimäki Journal: Epidemiology Date: 2015-03 Impact factor: 4.822