BACKGROUND: CD4- Vγ2Vδ2 T cells are depleted during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but can recover to near normal levels in patients who spontaneously control viremia in the absence of therapy. By contrasting Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell numbers, phenotype, and T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, we investigate the dynamic tension between active immunity and progressive T-cell destruction during persistent viremia. METHODS: Peripheral blood Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell levels and phenotypes were characterized by flow cytometry. Lymphoproliferation assays measured functional responses. Spectratyping characterized damage to the TCR repertoire. RESULTS: Levels, responses to antigen and the proportion of T effector memory Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in patients with persistent viremia, were intermediate between patients with natural virus suppression (NVS) and patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Damage to the TCR γ-2 chain repertoire and depletion of CD56+ Vγ2Vδ2 T cells were more pronounced in viremic patients, compared with antiretroviral therapy recipients and patients with natural virus suppression. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in viremic patients reflect both active responses (increasing cell numbers, better antigen responses, and higher proportion of effector memory cells) and ongoing damage (repertoire changes and loss of CD56+ cells). Unlike patients who control viremia to undetectable levels, Vγ2Vδ2 T cells are diminished during persistent viremia and may eventually be lost because of progressive destruction of the TCR repertoire.
BACKGROUND: CD4- Vγ2Vδ2 T cells are depleted during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but can recover to near normal levels in patients who spontaneously control viremia in the absence of therapy. By contrasting Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell numbers, phenotype, and T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, we investigate the dynamic tension between active immunity and progressive T-cell destruction during persistent viremia. METHODS: Peripheral blood Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell levels and phenotypes were characterized by flow cytometry. Lymphoproliferation assays measured functional responses. Spectratyping characterized damage to the TCR repertoire. RESULTS: Levels, responses to antigen and the proportion of T effector memory Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in patients with persistent viremia, were intermediate between patients with natural virus suppression (NVS) and patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Damage to the TCR γ-2 chain repertoire and depletion of CD56+ Vγ2Vδ2 T cells were more pronounced in viremic patients, compared with antiretroviral therapy recipients and patients with natural virus suppression. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in viremic patients reflect both active responses (increasing cell numbers, better antigen responses, and higher proportion of effector memory cells) and ongoing damage (repertoire changes and loss of CD56+ cells). Unlike patients who control viremia to undetectable levels, Vγ2Vδ2 T cells are diminished during persistent viremia and may eventually be lost because of progressive destruction of the TCR repertoire.
Authors: Francesco Dieli; David Vermijlen; Fabio Fulfaro; Nadia Caccamo; Serena Meraviglia; Giuseppe Cicero; Andrew Roberts; Simona Buccheri; Matilde D'Asaro; Nicola Gebbia; Alfredo Salerno; Matthias Eberl; Adrian C Hayday Journal: Cancer Res Date: 2007-08-01 Impact factor: 12.701
Authors: Cristiana Cairo; Cheryl L Armstrong; Jean Saville Cummings; Carl O Deetz; Ming Tan; Changwan Lu; Charles E Davis; C David Pauza Journal: Hum Immunol Date: 2010-06-30 Impact factor: 2.850
Authors: G Pantaleo; S Menzo; M Vaccarezza; C Graziosi; O J Cohen; J F Demarest; D Montefiori; J M Orenstein; C Fox; L K Schrager Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 1995-01-26 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: David J Riedel; Mohammad M Sajadi; Cheryl L Armstrong; Jean-Saville Cummings; Cristiana Cairo; Robert R Redfield; C David Pauza Journal: AIDS Date: 2009-09-24 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Sarah Boudova; Haishan Li; Mohammad M Sajadi; Robert R Redfield; Cristiana Cairo; C David Pauza Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2013-04-01 Impact factor: 5.226