OBJECTIVE: To explore the use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic alternative to the traditional "gold standard" imaging study of nuclear scintigraphy in the evaluation of thyrotoxicosis. METHODS: We review the relevant literature and share our own experience to highlight the promising role of ultrasonography in thyrotoxicosis. In addition, we present a diagnostic algorithm suggesting liberal use of ultrasonography in the evaluation of thyrotoxicosis. RESULTS: Ultrasonography has proved effective not only in the differentiation of Graves disease from other types and causes of thyrotoxicosis but also in the detection of subtle thyroid nodules. The latter role is emphasized in light of the recent observation of an increased risk of occurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma in patients with Graves disease. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography is a cost-effective, noninvasive, portable, and safe imaging modality in the evaluation of thyrotoxicosis, both for physiologic assessment and for detection of nonpalpable thyroid cancers that may elude identification on physical examination and nuclear imaging studies. Although thyroid scintigraphy remains a standard radiologic study, thyroid ultrasonography can be a practical alternative in many cases and the primary imaging modality in some situations such as during pregnancy and lactation and for evaluation and management of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic alternative to the traditional "gold standard" imaging study of nuclear scintigraphy in the evaluation of thyrotoxicosis. METHODS: We review the relevant literature and share our own experience to highlight the promising role of ultrasonography in thyrotoxicosis. In addition, we present a diagnostic algorithm suggesting liberal use of ultrasonography in the evaluation of thyrotoxicosis. RESULTS: Ultrasonography has proved effective not only in the differentiation of Graves disease from other types and causes of thyrotoxicosis but also in the detection of subtle thyroid nodules. The latter role is emphasized in light of the recent observation of an increased risk of occurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma in patients with Graves disease. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography is a cost-effective, noninvasive, portable, and safe imaging modality in the evaluation of thyrotoxicosis, both for physiologic assessment and for detection of nonpalpable thyroid cancers that may elude identification on physical examination and nuclear imaging studies. Although thyroid scintigraphy remains a standard radiologic study, thyroid ultrasonography can be a practical alternative in many cases and the primary imaging modality in some situations such as during pregnancy and lactation and for evaluation and management of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis.
Authors: Elke Anklam; Martin Iain Bahl; Robert Ball; Richard D Beger; Jonathan Cohen; Suzanne Fitzpatrick; Philippe Girard; Blanka Halamoda-Kenzaoui; Denise Hinton; Akihiko Hirose; Arnd Hoeveler; Masamitsu Honma; Marta Hugas; Seichi Ishida; George En Kass; Hajime Kojima; Ira Krefting; Serguei Liachenko; Yan Liu; Shane Masters; Uwe Marx; Timothy McCarthy; Tim Mercer; Anil Patri; Carmen Pelaez; Munir Pirmohamed; Stefan Platz; Alexandre Js Ribeiro; Joseph V Rodricks; Ivan Rusyn; Reza M Salek; Reinhilde Schoonjans; Primal Silva; Clive N Svendsen; Susan Sumner; Kyung Sung; Danilo Tagle; Li Tong; Weida Tong; Janny van den Eijnden-van-Raaij; Neil Vary; Tao Wang; John Waterton; May Wang; Hairuo Wen; David Wishart; Yinyin Yuan; William Slikker Journal: Exp Biol Med (Maywood) Date: 2021-11-16
Authors: Khaled Alswat; Sara Ahmad Assiri; Raad M M Althaqafi; Atheer Alsufyani; Abaad Althagafi; Sara Alrebaiee; Najd Alsukhayri Journal: BMC Res Notes Date: 2020-07-06