Modulatory actions of dopamine and serotonin on insect antennal lobe neurons: insights from studies in vitro.

Biogenic amines play diverse roles in the development and modulation of invertebrate neurons and ultimately also, in the regulation of animal behaviour. Here we examine the contribution that analyses of antennal lobe neurons in vitro have made towards our understanding of the mechanisms through which dopamine and serotonin operate in primary olfactory centres of the brain of the moth, Manduca sexta and the honey bee, Apis mellifera. This chapter reviews evidence suggesting that these biogenic amines function as regulators of neuronal development and as mediators of cellular and behavioural plasticity, in part at least, through the modulation of K(+) conductances in the cells. Insect neurons in vitro provide an excellent model for exploring basic principles of amine function and their impact on neuronal excitability.