BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main cause of chemotherapeutic failure in lung cancer, and vinorelbine (NVB) is one of the most efficient drugs that threaten non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The current study aims to establish tumor xenografts and investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the resistance of NVB in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Nude mice were implanted with Anip973 and Anip973/NVB, and tumor-bearing mice were divided into the Anip973 treatment, Anip973 control, Anip973/NVB treatment, and Anip973/NVB control groups, respectively. The current study observes tumor growth, draws growth curves, and calculates inhibitory rates. The morphological changes in cell tumor were observed through the immunohistochemical method using an electron microscope to detect the expressions of MRP3 and Bcl-2 and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of Anip973/NVB cells. RESULTS: The tumor inhibitory rates of the Anip973 and Anip973/NVB cells treated with NVB were 60.00% and 4.65%, respectively, compared with the control group. The growth inhibition in the Anip973/NVB cell transplantation tumor had no significant difference. Apoptosis was observed using TEM when the Anip973 transplantation tumor was treated with NVB. On the other hand, no apoptosis was found in the Anip973/NVB transplantation tumor using TEM. Immunohistochemical staining (SP) shows the positive expressions of Bcl-2 and MRP3 proteins in Anip973/NVB transplantation tumor, which were observed to be higher than those in the Anip973 transplantation tumor. CONCLUSIONS: The overexpression of Bcl-2 and MRP3 might be one of the major mechanisms of the MDR of Anip973/NVB.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main cause of chemotherapeutic failure in lung cancer, and vinorelbine (NVB) is one of the most efficient drugs that threaten non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The current study aims to establish tumor xenografts and investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the resistance of NVB in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS:Nude mice were implanted with Anip973 and Anip973/NVB, and tumor-bearing mice were divided into the Anip973 treatment, Anip973 control, Anip973/NVB treatment, and Anip973/NVB control groups, respectively. The current study observes tumor growth, draws growth curves, and calculates inhibitory rates. The morphological changes in cell tumor were observed through the immunohistochemical method using an electron microscope to detect the expressions of MRP3 and Bcl-2 and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of Anip973/NVB cells. RESULTS: The tumor inhibitory rates of the Anip973 and Anip973/NVB cells treated with NVB were 60.00% and 4.65%, respectively, compared with the control group. The growth inhibition in the Anip973/NVB cell transplantation tumor had no significant difference. Apoptosis was observed using TEM when the Anip973 transplantation tumor was treated with NVB. On the other hand, no apoptosis was found in the Anip973/NVB transplantation tumor using TEM. Immunohistochemical staining (SP) shows the positive expressions of Bcl-2 and MRP3 proteins in Anip973/NVB transplantation tumor, which were observed to be higher than those in the Anip973 transplantation tumor. CONCLUSIONS: The overexpression of Bcl-2 and MRP3 might be one of the major mechanisms of the MDR of Anip973/NVB.
Tumor growth curves of Anip973 cell and Anip973/NVB cell xenografts. After treated by vinorelbine, Anip973 xenografts grew slowly and vinorelbine inhibited the growth of Anip973 xenografts (P < 0.001). However, growth of Anip973/NVB xenografts treated by vinorelbine was similar with the two untreated groups (P=0.358).
1
各组瘤重及抑瘤率的比较
Comparison of tumor weight and inhibition rate among groups
Group
n
Tumor weight (g)
Inhibition rate (%)
Anip973 treatment group
6
3.6±0.7
60.0
Anip973 control group
6
9.0±1.0
-
Anip973/NVB treatment group
6
8.2±1.0
4.65
Anip973/NVB control group
6
8.6±1.2
-
Anip973和Anip973/NVB细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长曲线。NVB治疗后,Anip973治疗组细胞移植瘤生长缓慢并且抑制了移植瘤的生长(P < 0.001)。然而,Anip973/NVB移植瘤经NVB治疗后,生长情况与两个对照组相似(P=0.358)。Tumor growth curves of Anip973 cell and Anip973/NVB cell xenografts. After treated by vinorelbine, Anip973 xenografts grew slowly and vinorelbine inhibited the growth of Anip973 xenografts (P < 0.001). However, growth of Anip973/NVB xenografts treated by vinorelbine was similar with the two untreated groups (P=0.358).各组瘤重及抑瘤率的比较Comparison of tumor weight and inhibition rate among groups
Morphological changes in apoptosis observed in Anip973 and Anip973/NVB xenografts after treatment with vinorelbine by TEM (×10, 000). A: Anip973 cells after treatment with vinorelbine presented apoptotic characteristics, such as cell shrinkage, loss of microvilli and nucleolus; B: Anip973 cells after treatment with vinorelbine presented chromatin condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies; C: Anip973/NVB xenografts after treatment with vinorelbine, the surface has a lot of microvilli structure, nucleuos increased clearly, there were rich cytoplasmic in the cytoplasm; D: Anip973/NVB xenografts after treatment with vinorelbine, presented developed golgi complexes, mitochondria was small, and micro-tublar structure can be seen.
NVB治疗后Anip973和Anip973/NVB细胞透射电镜图(×10, 000)。A:透射电镜下Anip973移植瘤细胞经NVB治疗后细胞呈现凋亡的形态。细胞体积缩小,微绒毛结构消失,可见部分细胞核仁消失;B:Anip973移植瘤细胞经NVB治疗后染色质凝聚并形成凋亡小体;C:Anip973/NVB细胞移植瘤经NVB治疗后,表面有大量的微绒毛结构,核仁明显较多,胞质内有丰富的细胞器结构;D:Anip973/NVB细胞移植瘤经NVB治疗后高尔基复合体发达,线粒体较小,还可见到微腺管结构。Morphological changes in apoptosis observed in Anip973 and Anip973/NVB xenografts after treatment with vinorelbine by TEM (×10, 000). A: Anip973 cells after treatment with vinorelbine presented apoptotic characteristics, such as cell shrinkage, loss of microvilli and nucleolus; B: Anip973 cells after treatment with vinorelbine presented chromatin condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies; C: Anip973/NVB xenografts after treatment with vinorelbine, the surface has a lot of microvilli structure, nucleuos increased clearly, there were rich cytoplasmic in the cytoplasm; D: Anip973/NVB xenografts after treatment with vinorelbine, presented developed golgi complexes, mitochondria was small, and micro-tublar structure can be seen.
The expressions of Bcl-2 (A, B) and MRP3 (C, D) in Anip973 and Anip973/NVB xenografts by immunohistochemistry (x400). The expression of Bcl-2 in Anip973/NVB treatment group (B) was higher than that in the Anip973 treatment group (A), and the expression of MRP3 in the Anip973/NVB treatment group (D) was higher than that in the Anip973 treatment group (C).
Bcl-2和MRP3蛋白在Anip973和Anip973/NVB细胞裸鼠移植瘤中的表达The expression of Bcl-2 and MRP3 in Anip973 and Anip973/NVB xenografts免疫组化法检测Bcl-2(A,B)和MRP3(C,D)蛋白在Anip973和Anip973/NVB细胞裸鼠移植瘤中的表达(x400)。Bcl-2蛋白的表达在Anip973/NVB治疗组(B)高于Anip973治疗组(A)。MRP3蛋白的表达在Anip973/NVB治疗组(D)高于Anip973治疗组(C)。The expressions of Bcl-2 (A, B) and MRP3 (C, D) in Anip973 and Anip973/NVB xenografts by immunohistochemistry (x400). The expression of Bcl-2 in Anip973/NVB treatment group (B) was higher than that in the Anip973 treatment group (A), and the expression of MRP3 in the Anip973/NVB treatment group (D) was higher than that in the Anip973 treatment group (C).
Authors: M Khodadadian; M E Leroux; E Auzenne; S C Ghosh; D Farquhar; R Evans; W Spohn; Y Zou; J Klostergaard Journal: Lung Cancer Date: 2009-02-04 Impact factor: 5.705