Haemoptysis: diagnosis and treatment.

Haemoptysis is a common symptom in clinical practice, which requires further investigation. Fortunately, massive haemoptysis only accounts for a small proportion of these episodes. It is a medical emergency that carries a high mortality rate. There are no agreed management guidelines. This review discusses proposed methods of resuscitation as well as outlining a diagnostic algorithm and discusses treatments including bronchial artery embolization, endobronchial therapy, surgery and medical therapies.