Alexander von Gontard1. 1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany. alexander.von.gontard@uks.eu
Abstract
AIMS: Psychological factors and LUTS are closely associated in children. 20-40% of children with nocturnal enuresis (NE) and 30-40% with daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) have a clinical psychiatric disorder, many more are distressed. The associations are complex and differ for each individual subtype of disorder, as both genetic and environmental factors can interact. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview and discuss possible causal associations. METHODS: Relevant studies are reviewed--preferably with population-based, representative results. RESULTS: Four basic associations are possible. Psychological symptoms and disorders can (1) be a consequence of LUTS and NE/DUI; (2) They can be induced by them; (3) Both can be due to common, shared etiological factors; and (4) They can co-occur by chance without causality. CONCLUSIONS: Due to these complex associations, a descriptive approach is endorsed. Both the subtype of NE/DUI and possible psychological symptoms and disorders need to be identified--possible causal relationships can be analyzed in a second step. Screening for psychological symptoms with parental behavioral questionnaires in all settings is recommended, as well as counselling and treatment if indicated.
AIMS: Psychological factors and LUTS are closely associated in children. 20-40% of children with nocturnal enuresis (NE) and 30-40% with daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) have a clinical psychiatric disorder, many more are distressed. The associations are complex and differ for each individual subtype of disorder, as both genetic and environmental factors can interact. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview and discuss possible causal associations. METHODS: Relevant studies are reviewed--preferably with population-based, representative results. RESULTS: Four basic associations are possible. Psychological symptoms and disorders can (1) be a consequence of LUTS and NE/DUI; (2) They can be induced by them; (3) Both can be due to common, shared etiological factors; and (4) They can co-occur by chance without causality. CONCLUSIONS: Due to these complex associations, a descriptive approach is endorsed. Both the subtype of NE/DUI and possible psychological symptoms and disorders need to be identified--possible causal relationships can be analyzed in a second step. Screening for psychological symptoms with parental behavioral questionnaires in all settings is recommended, as well as counselling and treatment if indicated.
Authors: Elizabeth A Mann; Zaheer Alam; Jillian R Hufgard; Melissa Mogle; Michael T Williams; Charles V Vorhees; Pramod Reddy Journal: Physiol Behav Date: 2015-02-15
Authors: David A Shoham; Zhenxun Wang; Sarah Lindberg; Haitao Chu; Linda Brubaker; Sonya S Brady; Tamera Coyne-Beasley; Colleen M Fitzgerald; Sheila Gahagan; Bernard L Harlow; Carol Joinson; Lisa Kane Low; Alayne D Markland; Diane K Newman; Ariana L Smith; Ann Stapleton; Siobhan Sutcliffe; Amanda Berry Journal: Urology Date: 2020-07-15 Impact factor: 2.649
Authors: Francisco R de la Peña; Lino R Villavicencio; Juan D Palacio; Fernando J Félix; Marcela Larraguibel; Laura Viola; Silvia Ortiz; Marcos Rosetti; Andrea Abadi; Cecilia Montiel; Pablo A Mayer; Sofía Fernández; Aurora Jaimes; Miriam Feria; Liz Sosa; Andrés Rodríguez; Patricia Zavaleta; Daniela Uribe; Frinne Galicia; Diana Botero; Santiago Estrada; Arturo F Berber; Macarena Pi-Davanzo; Consuelo Aldunate; Gabriela Gómez; Ivannah Campodónico; Paula Tripicchio; Ignacio Gath; Manuel Hernández; Lino Palacios; Rosa E Ulloa Journal: BMC Psychiatry Date: 2018-06-14 Impact factor: 3.630