BACKGROUND: We investigated the association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene polymorphism with recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM). METHODS: VEGF -2578C/A, -1154G/A, -634G/C, +936C/T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assessed in 304 RSM patients, and 371 age-and body mass index-matched control subjects using real-time PCR. RESULTS: Higher minor allele frequency of -1154G/A (P < 0.001) and +936C/T (P < 0.001), but not -2578C/A (P = 0.55) or -634G/C (P = 0.87) SNPs, were seen in patients. Significant differences in the distribution of -1154G/A (P = 0.006) and +936C/T (P = 0.015), but not -2578C/A (P = 0.473) or -634G/C (P = 1.000) genotypes, were seen in cases compared with control women. Of the possible 16 VEGF haplotypes, 9 were found to be common, and were included. A significantly lower frequency of C G C C (P = 0.008), and A G G C (P < 0.001) haplotypes, and a higher frequency C G C T (P = 0.020), and C G T (P = 0.004) haplotypes were seen in patients. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly support that VEGF polymorphisms, in particular-1154G/A and +936C/T, are significantly associated with RSM. Our results confirm, in the largest sample to date, previous works in other populations on VEGF polymorphism in RSM.
BACKGROUND: We investigated the association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene polymorphism with recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM). METHODS:VEGF-2578C/A, -1154G/A, -634G/C, +936C/T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assessed in 304 RSMpatients, and 371 age-and body mass index-matched control subjects using real-time PCR. RESULTS: Higher minor allele frequency of -1154G/A (P < 0.001) and +936C/T (P < 0.001), but not -2578C/A (P = 0.55) or -634G/C (P = 0.87) SNPs, were seen in patients. Significant differences in the distribution of -1154G/A (P = 0.006) and +936C/T (P = 0.015), but not -2578C/A (P = 0.473) or -634G/C (P = 1.000) genotypes, were seen in cases compared with control women. Of the possible 16 VEGF haplotypes, 9 were found to be common, and were included. A significantly lower frequency of C G C C (P = 0.008), and A G G C (P < 0.001) haplotypes, and a higher frequency C G C T (P = 0.020), and C G T (P = 0.004) haplotypes were seen in patients. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly support that VEGF polymorphisms, in particular-1154G/A and +936C/T, are significantly associated with RSM. Our results confirm, in the largest sample to date, previous works in other populations on VEGF polymorphism in RSM.