Replica inference approach to unsupervised multiscale image segmentation.

We apply a replica-inference-based Potts model method to unsupervised image segmentation on multiple scales. This approach was inspired by the statistical mechanics problem of "community detection" and its phase diagram. Specifically, the problem is cast as identifying tightly bound clusters ("communities" or "solutes") against a background or "solvent." Within our multiresolution approach, we compute information-theory-based correlations among multiple solutions ("replicas") of the same graph over a range of resolutions. Significant multiresolution structures are identified by replica correlations manifest by information theory overlaps. We further employ such information theory measures (such as normalized mutual information and variation of information), thermodynamic quantities such as the system entropy and energy, and dynamic measures monitoring the convergence time to viable solutions as metrics for transitions between various solvable and unsolvable phases. Within the solvable phase, transitions between contending solutions (such as those corresponding to segmentations on different scales) may also appear. With the aid of these correlations as well as thermodynamic measures, the phase diagram of the corresponding Potts model is analyzed at both zero and finite temperatures. Optimal parameters corresponding to a sensible unsupervised segmentations appear within the "easy phase" of the Potts model. Our algorithm is fast and shown to be at least as accurate as the best algorithms to date and to be especially suited to the detection of camouflaged images.