Abdominal compartment syndrome after endovascular repair of ruptured iliac artery aneurysm.

Abdominal compartment syndrome is a possible complication after aneurysm repair and has a high mortality rate. Although there has been an increment in patient survival rates after aneurysm repair, there has also been an increase in this entity. However, there are few data about the incidence and management of this complication after endovascular repair of a ruptured iliac artery aneurysm. The objective of this report is to describe a case of abdominal compartment syndrome after endovascular correction of a ruptured iliac artery aneurysm, emphasizing the importance of the accurate monitoring of intra-abdominal pressure, medical therapy and timely laparotomy. An 85-year old male was submitted to the endovascular repair of a ruptured iliac artery aneurysm. On the first day after the intervention, he developed abdominal compartment syndrome which did not resolve with medical therapy. Consequently, on the second postoperative day, a decompressive laparotomy was performed, removing the retroperitoneal haematoma, which was the main cause of the high intra-abdominal pressure and the abdominal compartment syndrome. At 12 months of follow-up, there was no evidence of complications. This case stresses the importance of early recognition of abdominal compartment syndrome.