OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the long-term mortality in patients with viral myocarditis, and to establish the prognostic value of various clinical, functional, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters. BACKGROUND: Long-term mortality of viral myocarditis, as well as potential risk factors for poor clinical outcome, are widely unknown. METHODS: A total of 222 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven viral myocarditis and CMR were enrolled. A total of 203 patients were available for clinical follow-up, and 77 patients underwent additional follow-up CMR. The median follow-up was 4.7 years. Primary endpoints were all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality. RESULTS: We found a relevant long-term mortality in myocarditis patients (19.2% all cause, 15% cardiac, and 9.9% sudden cardiac death [SCD]). The presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) yields a hazard ratio of 8.4 for all-cause mortality and 12.8 for cardiac mortality, independent of clinical symptoms. This is superior to parameters like left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV end-diastolic volume, or New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, yielding hazard ratios between 1.0 and 3.2 for all-cause mortality and between 1.0 and 2.2 for cardiac mortality. No patient without LGE experienced SCD, even if the LV was enlarged and impaired. When focusing on the subgroup undergoing follow-up CMR, we found an initial NYHA functional class >I as the best independent predictor for incomplete recovery (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Among our population with a wide range of clinical symptoms, biopsy-proven viral myocarditis is associated with a long-term mortality of up to 19.2% in 4.7 years. In addition, the presence of LGE is the best independent predictor of all-cause mortality and of cardiac mortality. Furthermore, initial presentation with heart failure may be a good predictor of incomplete long-term recovery.
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the long-term mortality in patients with viral myocarditis, and to establish the prognostic value of various clinical, functional, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters. BACKGROUND: Long-term mortality of viral myocarditis, as well as potential risk factors for poor clinical outcome, are widely unknown. METHODS: A total of 222 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven viral myocarditis and CMR were enrolled. A total of 203 patients were available for clinical follow-up, and 77 patients underwent additional follow-up CMR. The median follow-up was 4.7 years. Primary endpoints were all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality. RESULTS: We found a relevant long-term mortality in myocarditispatients (19.2% all cause, 15% cardiac, and 9.9% sudden cardiac death [SCD]). The presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) yields a hazard ratio of 8.4 for all-cause mortality and 12.8 for cardiac mortality, independent of clinical symptoms. This is superior to parameters like left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV end-diastolic volume, or New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, yielding hazard ratios between 1.0 and 3.2 for all-cause mortality and between 1.0 and 2.2 for cardiac mortality. No patient without LGE experienced SCD, even if the LV was enlarged and impaired. When focusing on the subgroup undergoing follow-up CMR, we found an initial NYHA functional class >I as the best independent predictor for incomplete recovery (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Among our population with a wide range of clinical symptoms, biopsy-proven viral myocarditis is associated with a long-term mortality of up to 19.2% in 4.7 years. In addition, the presence of LGE is the best independent predictor of all-cause mortality and of cardiac mortality. Furthermore, initial presentation with heart failure may be a good predictor of incomplete long-term recovery.
Authors: Tomas G Neilan; Ravi V Shah; Siddique A Abbasi; Hoshang Farhad; John D Groarke; John A Dodson; Otavio Coelho-Filho; Ciaran J McMullan; Bobak Heydari; Gregory F Michaud; Roy M John; Rob van der Geest; Michael L Steigner; Ron Blankstein; Michael Jerosch-Herold; Raymond Y Kwong Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2013-08-28 Impact factor: 24.094
Authors: Thomas M Helms; A Müller; J O Schwab; D Bänsch; C Karle; T Klingenheben; C Zugck; C Perings Journal: Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol Date: 2015-05-05
Authors: Marina Leitman; Zvi Vered; Vladimir Tyomkin; Boris Macogon; Gil Moravsky; Eli Peleg; Laurian Copel Journal: Int J Cardiovasc Imaging Date: 2017-11-27 Impact factor: 2.357
Authors: Florian André; Florian T Stock; Johannes Riffel; Evangelos Giannitsis; Henning Steen; Jürgen Scharhag; Hugo A Katus; Sebastian J Buss Journal: Int J Cardiovasc Imaging Date: 2016-04-21 Impact factor: 2.357
Authors: Julian G Westphal; Angelos G Rigopoulos; Constantinos Bakogiannis; Sarah E Ludwig; Sophie Mavrogeni; Boris Bigalke; Torsten Doenst; Matthias Pauschinger; Carsten Tschöpe; P Christian Schulze; Michel Noutsias Journal: Heart Fail Rev Date: 2017-11 Impact factor: 4.214