OBJECTIVE: To provide the simultaneous 7-year estimates of incremental costs of smoking and obesity among employees and dependents in a large health care system. METHODS: We used a retrospective cohort aged 18 years or older with continuous enrollment during the study period. Longitudinal multivariate cost analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations with demographic adjustments. RESULTS: The annual incremental mean costs of smoking by age group ranged from $1274 to $1401. The incremental costs of morbid obesity II by age group ranged from $5467 to $5530. These incremental costs drop substantially when comorbidities are included. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and smoking have large long-term impacts on health care costs of working-age adults. Controlling comorbidities impacted incremental costs of obesity but may lead to underestimation of the true incremental costs because obesity is a risk factor for developing chronic conditions.
OBJECTIVE: To provide the simultaneous 7-year estimates of incremental costs of smoking and obesity among employees and dependents in a large health care system. METHODS: We used a retrospective cohort aged 18 years or older with continuous enrollment during the study period. Longitudinal multivariate cost analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations with demographic adjustments. RESULTS: The annual incremental mean costs of smoking by age group ranged from $1274 to $1401. The incremental costs of morbid obesity II by age group ranged from $5467 to $5530. These incremental costs drop substantially when comorbidities are included. CONCLUSIONS:Obesity and smoking have large long-term impacts on health care costs of working-age adults. Controlling comorbidities impacted incremental costs of obesity but may lead to underestimation of the true incremental costs because obesity is a risk factor for developing chronic conditions.
Authors: David O Warner; Bijan J Borah; James Moriarty; Darrell R Schroeder; Yu Shi; Nilay D Shah Journal: JAMA Surg Date: 2014-03 Impact factor: 14.766
Authors: Hilal Maradit Kremers; Sue L Visscher; Walter K Kremers; James M Naessens; David G Lewallen Journal: Clin Orthop Relat Res Date: 2013-10-08 Impact factor: 4.176
Authors: Marjan Nokhbehsaim; Sema Keser; Andressa Vilas Boas Nogueira; Andreas Jäger; Søren Jepsen; Joni Augusto Cirelli; Christoph Bourauel; Sigrun Eick; James Deschner Journal: Int J Endocrinol Date: 2014-07-22 Impact factor: 3.257
Authors: Luís B Sardinha; Diana A Santos; Analiza M Silva; Manuel J Coelho-e-Silva; Armando M Raimundo; Helena Moreira; Rute Santos; Susana Vale; Fátima Baptista; Jorge Mota Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-10-31 Impact factor: 3.240