Identification of a ubiquitin-binding structure in the S-locus F-box protein controlling S-RNase-based self-incompatibility.

In flowering plants, self-incompatibility (SI) serves as an important intraspecific reproductive barrier to promote outbreeding. In species from the Solanaceae, Plantaginaceae and Rosaceae, S-RNase and SLF (S-locus F-box) proteins have been shown to control the female and male specificity of SI, respectively. However, little is known about structure features of the SLF protein apart from its conserved F-box domain. Here we show that the SLF C-terminal region possesses a novel ubiquitin-binding domain (UBD) structure conserved among the SLF protein family. By using an ex vivo system of Nicotiana benthamiana, we found that the UBD mediates the SLF protein turnover by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Furthermore, we detected that the SLF protein was directly involved in S-RNase degradation. Taken together, our results provide a novel insight into the SLF structure and highlight a potential role of SLF protein stability and degradation in S-RNase-based self-incompatibility.