Applications of nano-baskets in drug development: high solubility and low toxicity.

The importance of calixarene nanobaskets in drug development and controlling their toxicity comes back to their ability to encapsulate the drug species and biological compounds. New complexes show improved physical characteristics, such as more solubility in water and enhanced chemical properties, including less toxicity in biological systems. Moreover, the covalent bonding, inclusion encapsulation, and induction activities of calixarenes lead to improving the activity of drug molecules. This review article deals with the importance of calixarene-based drugs and illustrates their potentials in drug development and toxicity control. The main aim and novelty of this study was to introduce the role and the action of calixarene scaffolds and their conjugated upper and lower rims as well as their binding mechanism in biomedical systems. The main aspects of this approach are classified in four categories and are discussed according to the results of recent researches.