The care dependency scale for measuring basic human needs: an international comparison.

AIM: To report a study conducted to compare the utility of the care dependency scale across four countries.
BACKGROUND: The care dependency scale provides a framework for assessing the needs of institutionalized patients for nursing care. Henderson's components of nursing care have been used to specify the variable aspects of the concept of care dependency and to develop the care dependency scale items.
DESIGN: The study used a cross-cultural survey design.
METHOD: Patients were recruited from four different countries: Japan, The Netherlands, Poland and Turkey. In each of the participating countries, basic human needs were assessed by nurses using a translated version of the original Dutch care dependency scale. Psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity of the care dependency scale have been assessed using Cronbach's alpha, Guttman's lambda-2, inter-item correlation and principal components analysis. Data were collected in 2008 and 2009.
RESULTS: High internal consistency values were demonstrated. Principal component analysis confirmed the one-factor model reported in earlier studies.
CONCLUSION: Outcomes confirm Henderson's idea that human needs are fundamental appearing in every patient-nurse relationship, independent of the patient's age, the type of care setting and/or cultural background. The psychometric characteristics of the care dependency scale make this instrument very useful for comparative research across countries.