PURPOSE: Markers of mercury (Hg) exposure have shown both positive and negative associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed the association between serum Hg (S-Hg) and risk of cardiovascular disease in a prospective population-based cohort, with attention to the roles of dental health and fish consumption. METHODS: Total mortality, as well as morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke, was followed up for 32 years in 1,391 women (initially age 38-60), in relation to S-Hg at baseline, using Cox regression models. Potential confounders (age, socioeconomic status, serum lipids, alcohol consumption, dental health, smoking, hypertension, waist-hip ratio, and diabetes) and other covariates (e.g., fish consumption) were also considered. RESULTS: Hazard ratios (HR) adjusted only for age showed strong inverse associations between baseline S-Hg and total mortality [highest quartile: hazard ratio (HR) 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-0.97], incident AMI (HR 0.56; CI 0.34-0.93), and fatal AMI (HR 0.31; CI 0.15-0.66). Adjustment for potential confounding factors, especially dental health, had a strong impact on the risk estimates, and after adjustment, only the reduced risk of fatal AMI remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: There was a strong inverse association between Hg exposure and CVD. Likely, reasons are confounding with good dental health (also correlated with the number of amalgam fillings in these age groups) and/or fish consumption. The results suggest potential effects of dental health and/or fish consumption on CVD that deserve attention in preventive medicine.
PURPOSE: Markers of mercury (Hg) exposure have shown both positive and negative associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed the association between serum Hg (S-Hg) and risk of cardiovascular disease in a prospective population-based cohort, with attention to the roles of dental health and fish consumption. METHODS: Total mortality, as well as morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke, was followed up for 32 years in 1,391 women (initially age 38-60), in relation to S-Hg at baseline, using Cox regression models. Potential confounders (age, socioeconomic status, serum lipids, alcohol consumption, dental health, smoking, hypertension, waist-hip ratio, and diabetes) and other covariates (e.g., fish consumption) were also considered. RESULTS: Hazard ratios (HR) adjusted only for age showed strong inverse associations between baseline S-Hg and total mortality [highest quartile: hazard ratio (HR) 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-0.97], incident AMI (HR 0.56; CI 0.34-0.93), and fatal AMI (HR 0.31; CI 0.15-0.66). Adjustment for potential confounding factors, especially dental health, had a strong impact on the risk estimates, and after adjustment, only the reduced risk of fatal AMI remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: There was a strong inverse association between Hg exposure and CVD. Likely, reasons are confounding with good dental health (also correlated with the number of amalgam fillings in these age groups) and/or fish consumption. The results suggest potential effects of dental health and/or fish consumption on CVD that deserve attention in preventive medicine.
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Authors: J T Salonen; K Seppänen; K Nyyssönen; H Korpela; J Kauhanen; M Kantola; J Tuomilehto; H Esterbauer; F Tatzber; R Salonen Journal: Circulation Date: 1995-02-01 Impact factor: 29.690
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Authors: Anna L Choi; Pal Weihe; Esben Budtz-Jørgensen; Poul J Jørgensen; Jukka T Salonen; Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen; Katsuyuki Murata; Hans Petur Nielsen; Maria Skaalum Petersen; Jórun Askham; Philippe Grandjean Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2008-10-16 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Rajiv Chowdhury; Anna Ramond; Linda M O'Keeffe; Sara Shahzad; Setor K Kunutsor; Taulant Muka; John Gregson; Peter Willeit; Samantha Warnakula; Hassan Khan; Susmita Chowdhury; Reeta Gobin; Oscar H Franco; Emanuele Di Angelantonio Journal: BMJ Date: 2018-08-29
Authors: Yangbo Sun; Buyun Liu; Shuang Rong; Jing Zhang; Yang Du; Guifeng Xu; Linda G Snetselaar; Robert B Wallace; Hans-Joachim Lehmler; Wei Bao Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2021-11-01