Effect of the addition of industrial by-products on Cu, Zn, Pb and As leachability in a mine sediment.

A series of incubation and leaching experiments were performed to assess the feasibility of three industrial by-products (red gypsum (RG), sugar foam (SF) and ashes from the combustion of biomass (ACB)) to reduce the leachability of Cu, Pb, Zn and As in a sediment of São Domingos mine (Portugal). The changes in the element solid phase speciation were also evaluated by applying a sequential extraction procedure. All amendments significantly reduced the leachability of Zn and Cu, whereas the treatment with RG+SF+ACB also decreased the mobility of As. The reduction in Cu leachability was especially remarkable. This could be due to the great affinity of carbonates (included in SF and SF+ACB amendments) to precipitate with Cu, and maghemite and rutile (RG amendment) for acting as relevant sorbents for Cu. Pb was the least mobile element in the sediment and none of the treatments reduced its mobility. The sequential extraction reveals that the amendments induced a significant decrease in the concentration of elements associated with the residual fraction. Cu, Pb and As are redistributed from the residual fraction to the Al, Fe, and Mn hydr(oxides) fraction and Zn from the residual fraction to the water/acid soluble, exchangeable and bound to carbonates pool.