Xiaomei Zeng1, Zhixi Li, Mei Hou. 1. Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The third generation single-agent drug has been recommended as a first-line chemotherapy for elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of the current radomized trial is to compare the clinical efficacy and toxicities of single-agent paclitaxel liposome versus paclitaxel liposome plus oxaliplatin as a first-line chemotherapy for elderly patients. METHODS:Sixty-nine advanced NSCLC patients from July 2008 to August 2010, confirmed with pathology or cytology and had never received treatment, were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was given 135 mg/m² of single-agent paclitaxel liposome on day 1 of each cycle. The second group was given 135 mg/m² paclitaxel liposome plus 125 mg/m² oxaliplatin on day 1 of each cycle. One cycle is composed of 21 days. Efficacy and toxicities could be evaluated after two or more cycles. RESULTS: No statistical differences were observed between the two groups in terms of efficacy (22.9% vs 35.3%, P=0.297), disease control rate (60.0% vs 70.6%, P=0.450), and 1-year survival rate (28.6% vs 41.2%, P=0.724). However, the group treated with paclitaxel liposome plus oxaliplatin had longer progression free survival (PFS) (5.0 months vs 3.5 months, P=0.024). In addition, the toxicities that occurred in the two groups were similar including leukocytopenia (P=0.808), thrombocytopenia (P>0.999), anemia (P=0.477), and nausea/vomiting (P=0.777). The number of neurotoxicity that occurred in the two groups were 33 and 3 (97.1% vs 8.6%, P<0.001), respectively. However, all were grade I-II. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical efficacy of paclitaxel liposome plus oxaliplatin as a first-line chemotherapy for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC is more better than that of the single-agent paclitaxel liposome. It prolongs PFS and is safe for clinical use.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The third generation single-agent drug has been recommended as a first-line chemotherapy for elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of the current radomized trial is to compare the clinical efficacy and toxicities of single-agent paclitaxel liposome versus paclitaxel liposome plus oxaliplatin as a first-line chemotherapy for elderly patients. METHODS: Sixty-nine advanced NSCLCpatients from July 2008 to August 2010, confirmed with pathology or cytology and had never received treatment, were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was given 135 mg/m² of single-agent paclitaxel liposome on day 1 of each cycle. The second group was given 135 mg/m² paclitaxel liposome plus 125 mg/m² oxaliplatin on day 1 of each cycle. One cycle is composed of 21 days. Efficacy and toxicities could be evaluated after two or more cycles. RESULTS: No statistical differences were observed between the two groups in terms of efficacy (22.9% vs 35.3%, P=0.297), disease control rate (60.0% vs 70.6%, P=0.450), and 1-year survival rate (28.6% vs 41.2%, P=0.724). However, the group treated with paclitaxel liposome plus oxaliplatin had longer progression free survival (PFS) (5.0 months vs 3.5 months, P=0.024). In addition, the toxicities that occurred in the two groups were similar including leukocytopenia (P=0.808), thrombocytopenia (P>0.999), anemia (P=0.477), and nausea/vomiting (P=0.777). The number of neurotoxicity that occurred in the two groups were 33 and 3 (97.1% vs 8.6%, P<0.001), respectively. However, all were grade I-II. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical efficacy of paclitaxel liposome plus oxaliplatin as a first-line chemotherapy for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC is more better than that of the single-agent paclitaxel liposome. It prolongs PFS and is safe for clinical use.
紫杉醇脂质体和紫杉醇脂质体联合奥沙利铂的疗效评定The efficacy evaluation of Paclitaxel liposome group and Paclitaxel liposome plus oxaliplatin group单药组的中位PFS为3.5个月(95%CI: 2.4-4.9),1年生存率为28.6%(10/35);联合组的中位PFS为5.0个月(95%CI: 2.7-7.3),1年生存率为41.2%(14/34)。两组相比,PFS差异有统计学意义(P=0.024)(图 1),1年生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.724)。
1
紫杉醇脂质体组与紫杉醇脂质体联合奥沙利铂组无疾病进展期比较
Comparison of progression free survival between paclitaxel liposome group and paclitaxel liposome plus oxaliplatin group
紫杉醇脂质体组与紫杉醇脂质体联合奥沙利铂组无疾病进展期比较Comparison of progression free survival between paclitaxel liposome group and paclitaxel liposome plus oxaliplatin group
毒性反应
所有患者毒副反应均可评价。两组最常见的毒性反应是骨髓抑制,多为Ⅰ度-Ⅱ度,出现Ⅲ度白细胞降低在单药组合和联合组分别为4例(4/35)和3例(3/34),均无Ⅳ度出现,两组的白细胞降低(42.9% vs 38.2%, P=0.808),贫血(8.6% vs 14.7%, P=0.477)及血小板降低发生率(11.4% vs 11.8%, P>0.999)相比,差异均无统计学意义。其次为消化道反应,两组发生Ⅰ度-Ⅱ度恶心呕吐的患者分别为7例和8例,差异无统计学意义(20.0% vs 23.5%, P=0.777),无Ⅲ度-Ⅳ度毒性反应发生。联合组末梢神经毒性发生率明显高于单药组,联合组有33例,单药组有3例(97.1% vs 8.6%, P<0.001),但均为轻度,给予对症处理后并不影响后续治疗。其它非血液学毒性(肝肾功损害、肌肉关节痛)均较少发生(表 3)。
3
紫杉醇脂质体和紫杉醇脂质体联合奥沙利铂的毒副作用
Toxicities between paclitaxel liposome group and paclitaxel liposome plus oxaliplatin group
Toxicities
Paclitaxel liposome group (n=35)
Paclitaxel liposome plus oxaliplatin group (n=34)
P
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Haematological toxicities
Leukocytopenia
5
6
4
0
6
4
3
0
0.808
Thrombocytopenia
3
1
0
0
2
2
0
0
>0.999
Anemia
2
1
0
0
3
2
0
0
0.477
Nonhaematologicaltoxicies
Nausea and vomiting
5
2
0
0
7
1
0
0
0.777
Arthralgia
4
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
>0.999
Neurotoxicity
3
0
0
0
21
12
0
0
<0.001
Dysfunction of liver
4
0
0
0
5
2
0
0
0.342
Dysfunction of kidney
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
>0.999
紫杉醇脂质体和紫杉醇脂质体联合奥沙利铂的毒副作用Toxicities between paclitaxel liposome group and paclitaxel liposome plus oxaliplatin group
讨论
随着全球人口老龄化趋势加重,老年NSCLC发病率不断升高,日益受到人们的重视。老年肺癌患者因基础代谢和各脏器功能下降,免疫力低下,且大多合并肺部疾患和心血管疾病等,使得对化疗的耐受性差,化疗相关致死率较高。虽然近年来对此特殊人群治疗的研究不断涌现,但尚无治疗老年NSCLC最佳方案。因此对这些患者的治疗方案应做更多的探索,以求更高疗效和更低毒性。紫杉醇脂质体是卵磷脂等将紫杉醇进行包裹,去除了聚氧乙基代蓖麻油溶剂和无水乙醇,从而避免溶媒引起的过敏反应。国内临床试验证实了紫杉醇脂质体治疗NSCLC的疗效及安全性[。奥沙利铂做为第三代铂类药物发生耐药机率远远小于顺铂,其抗肿瘤效应与其他铂类相当[。有文献[报道奥沙利铂与紫杉醇联合治疗初治中晚期NSCLC有效率为34.2%。Cortinovis等[对近几年相关临床研究进行分析后认为奥沙利铂对晚期NSCLC有效,且与顺铂和卡铂相比无严重的消化道毒性、血液学毒性和肾毒性。因此紫杉醇脂质体与奥沙利铂是治疗老年晚期NSCLC患者的新选择。本研究探索了紫杉醇脂质体与紫杉醇脂质体联合奥沙利铂一线治疗老年晚期NSCLC患者的疗效与不良反应。虽然目前流行病学定义老年为年龄≥65岁,但是有证据表明年龄>70岁的老年患者化疗相关毒性发生率增加,WHO专家建议将此作为老龄分界点[,因此本研究和大多数肿瘤临床试验相同,将老龄界定为年龄≥70岁。针对老年患者本研究给予了紫杉醇脂质体较小剂量(135 mg/m2),因有文献[报道紫杉醇135 mg/m2与250 mg/m2两种剂量治疗NSCLC疗效相当,而随着剂量增大,毒性反应增大。此外紫杉醇脂质体的使用说明书推荐使用剂量为135 mg/m2-175 mg/m2,且有文献[与本研究使用相同剂量并获得满意疗效。研究中记录了一线化疗的总周期数,若患者2个周期化疗后出现病情进展,则进入二线化疗或者分子靶向治疗,结果显示单药组的化疗总周期数少于联合组。值得说明的是,经过统计检验两组间的化疗周期数差异并无统计学意义,故研究者认为组间PFS差异主要由干预措施(化疗方案)产生。联合组的有效率略优于单药组(35.3% vs 22.9%, P=0.297),1年生存率分别为41.2%和28.6%(P=0.724),联合组中位PFS长于单药组(5.0个月 vs 3.5个月,P=0.024)。CALGB临床试验[分层分析了紫杉醇单药与紫杉醇联合卡铂对老年晚期NSCLC的生存期,同样得出1年生存率(31% vs 35%)和中位生存时间(8个月 vs 5.8个月)差异并无统计学意义,但是无论是本研究还是CALGB临床试验分层分析的病例数都较少,从结果来看含铂类双药化疗似乎对患者更有获益的趋势。本研究因随访时间短,并考虑到总生存时间(overall survival, OS)受后续治疗及各种混杂因素的影响,因此未对OS进行分析,两药联合是否优于单药治疗还有待进一步观察。在毒性作用上,联合组的血液学毒性并不比单药组突出,除了末梢神经毒性,其他非血液性毒性也并没显示出统计学差异。奥沙利铂的主要不良反应就是神经毒性,本研究双药组发生率(97.6%)明显高于单药组(8.6%)(P<0.001),提示奥沙利铂的神经毒性不容忽视。但试验中无Ⅲ度-Ⅳ度毒性出现,对患者治疗并没有造成影响,且大多在停药后症状减轻或消失,这也证实了奥沙利铂临床应用安全性好。综上所述,治疗老年NSCLC紫杉醇脂质体联合奥沙利铂与紫杉醇脂质体单药组相比,疗效与PFS都略显优势,毒性反应发生率并不高于单药组,是一线治疗老年晚期NSCLC的较好方案,但需要更大样本量的研究进一步探讨。
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